第二章

书名:
实用英汉流行病学词典
作者:
杜建伟主编
本章字数:
121579
更新时间:
2023-09-25 11:56:10

Salsolinen.萨苏林多裂叶荆芥SalviabowleyanaDunn南丹参Schizonepetatenuifolia(Benth)SalviamihiorrhizaBunge丹参Bdq.裂叶荆芥SalviaprzewalskiiMaxim.甘肃丹Sciadopitysinn.金松双黄酮参(甘西鼠尾草)Scillareninn.海葱苷元SambucuschinensisLindl.陆英(接ScirpusyagaraOhwi荆三棱骨草)Scopolamine东莨菪碱SambucuswilliamsiiHance接骨木ScrophulariabuergerianaMiq.北SanguisorbaoffcinalisL.var.lon-玄参gifolia(Ben.)YuetLi狭叶地榆ScrophularianingpoensisHemsl.

SanguisorbaofficinalisL地榆玄参(浙玄参)Santoninn.山道年ScuteJllariabarbataD.Don半Sapiumsepiferum(L.)Roxb.乌桕枝莲Saponinsn.皂苷ScuteJllarialikiangensisDiels丽Saposhnikoviadivaricata(Turcz.)江黄芩Schischk.防风ScutellariaamoenaWriSht滇黄芩Sarcandraglabra(Thunb.)Nakai(西南黄芩)草珊瑚(肿节风)ScutellariabaicalensisGeorgi黄芩Sargassumpallidum(Turn.)C.AgScutellariarehderianaDiels甘肃海蒿子黄芩Sarmentosinn.垂盆草苷ScutellariaviscidulaBge.粘毛Sarsasapogeninn.菝葜皂苷元黄芩931药用植物拉丁学名中英文对照Securinegasuffruticosa(PaU)Re-Silybinn.水飞蓟素hd.一叶蔌Silybummarianum(L.)Gaertn.水Securininen.一叶蔌碱飞蓟SedumaizoonL.景天三七(土三Silymarinn.水飞蓟素七)Sinalpinn.白芥子苷SedumlineareThunb.佛甲草Sinigrinn.黑芥子苷SedumsarrnentosumBunge垂盆草Sinomeninen.青藤碱Selaginellaatamariscina(Beauv.)Sinomeniumacutum(Thunb.)Re-Spring卷柏hd,etWils青藤SelaginelladoederleiniiHieron.深SiphormstegiachinensisBenth.阴绿卷柏行草Selaginellainvolvens(Sw.)SpringSiraitiagrosvenorii(Swingle)C.

兖州卷柏Jeffrey罗汉果SelaginellamoellendorfiiHieron.Skyrinn.天精江南卷柏Slucyrrhizinn.甘草皂苷Selaginellapulvinata(Hook.etSmilaxglabraRoxb.光叶菝葜(土Grey.)Maxim.垫状卷柏茯苓)Selaginellauncinata(Desv.)SpringSolanumlyratumThunb.白英(蜀翠云草羊泉)Semiaquilegiaadoxoides(DC.)SolanumnigrumL.龙葵Makino.天葵SophoraflavescensAit.苦参SenesioscandensBuch-Ham.千SophorajaponicaL.槐里光SophorasubProstrataChuneeT.

Sennosiden.番泻叶苷Chen柔枝槐(广豆根)Sesaminen.芝麻素Sophorosen.槐糖Seselinn.邪蒿内酯SpatholobussuberectusDunn密Sesqniterpenoidsn.倍半萜花豆Sesterpenoidsn.二倍半萜Spirogyranitida(Dillw.)LinkShikoninn.紫草素水绵Shizandroln.五味子醇Spiroketaln.螺缩酮SiegebeckiaorientalisE,稀莶Spirulinaplatensis(Nordst.)Geitl.

SiegebeckiapubescensMakino腺螺旋藻梗稀莶Splrostanen.螺旋甾烷zymotic附录932StellariadichotomaL.var.SwertiapseudochinensisHara当药1anceolataBunge银柴胡(紫花当药)StellerachamaejasmeL.狼毒Swertiamarinn.獐牙菜苦苷Stemonajaponica(Blume)Miq蔓Syringareticulata(B1.)Haravar.

生百部(百部)amurensis(Rupr.)Pringle暴马Stemonasessilifolia(Miq.)丁香Franch.etSav.直立百部SyzygiumaromaticumMerr.etStemonatuberosaLour.对叶百部Perry丁香StephaniacepharanthaHayataexTakadiastasen.高蜂氏糖化酶Yamamoto头花千金藤(山乌龟)Tanshinonen.丹参醌StephaniadelavayiDiels一文钱TaraxacummongolicumHand.-(地不容)Mazz.蒲公英Stephaniajaponica(Thunb.)MienTassilagofarfaraL.款冬千金藤Taxilluschinensis(DC.)Danser桑StephaniatetrandraS.Moore粉防寄生己(石蟾蜍)Taxuschinensisvar.maireiChengSteroidalsaponinsn.甾体皂苷etL.K.Fu南方红豆杉(美丽红Strophanthidinn.毒毛花苷元豆杉)Strophanthinn.毒毛花次苷Taxuschinensis(Pilg.)Rehd.红Strophanthinn.毒毛花苷豆杉Strophanthobiasen.毒毛花双糖酶TaxuscuspidataSieb.etZucc.东Strophanthosiden.毒毛旋花子苷北红豆杉Strophanthusdivaricatus(Lour)Taxuswallichian西藏红豆杉Hook.etAm.羊角拗TaxusyunnanensisChengetL.K.

Strychninen.马钱子碱Fu云南红豆杉Strychnosnux-vomicaL.马钱(番Terpenoidsn.萜类化合物木鳖)Tetrahydropalmatinen.延胡索乙素StrychnoswallichianaSteud.exTetramethylpyrazinen.川芎嗪DC.长籽马钱(云南马钱皮氏马tetrandrinen.粉防己碱钱)Tetrapanaxpapyifera(Hook.)K.

Sulphuretinn.硫磺菊素Koch通脱木SwertiamileensisT.N.HeetW.L.tetraterpenodisn.四萜Shi青叶胆tfiterpenoidsaponins三萜皂苷933药用植物拉丁学名中英文对照Thevetiaperuvtana(Pers.)K.Tripterygiumhypoglaucum(Levl.)Schum.黄花夹竹桃Hutch昆朋山海棠Thevetinn.黄花夹竹桃苷TripterygiumwilfordiiHook.雷Thevetosen.黄花夹竹桃糖公藤ThlaspiarvenseL.遏蓝菜Triptoliden.雷公藤甲素Thujaplicinn.崖柏素Triterpenodisn.三萜TiaosporacapiUipesGagnep金TrolliuschinensisBge.金莲花果榄Tsomengifednn.异芒果素Tinosporasagittata(Oliv.)GagnepTsospirostanen.异螺旋甾烷青牛胆Tulipalinn.山慈姑内酯Tiquiritigeninn.甘草素Tuliposiden.山慈姑苷TorreyagrandisFort.cv.MerrilliTylophorinidinen.娃儿藤定碱香榧TyphaAngustataBoryetChaub.

TorreyagrandisFort.exLindl长苞香蒲榧树TyphaangustifoliaL.水烛香蒲Toxicodendronverniciflum(狭叶香蒲)(Stokes)F.A.Barkley漆树TyphalatifoliaL.宽叶香蒲Trachycarpusfortunei(Hook.f.)TyphaorientalisPresl.东方香蒲H.Wend棕榈TyphoniumgiganteumEngl.独TracMospermumjasminoides(Lindl)角莲Lem.络石Ubiquinones,coenzymeQ泛醌类,trans-allicinenen.反式大蒜烯辅酶QTrenvellafusiformisBerk.银耳UlvaconglobataKjellm蛎菜(白木耳)UlvalactucaL.石莼TrichosanthesjaponicaRegel日本UlvaperusaKjellm.孔石莼栝蒌Umbelliferonen.伞形花内酯TrichosantheskirilowiiMaximUmbilicariaesculenta(Miyoshi)栝蒌Minks脐衣(石耳)TrichosanthesrosthomiiHenns中Uncariarhyruchophylla(Miq,)华栝蒌(双边栝蒌)Jackson.钩藤Trifolirhizinn.三叶豆紫檀苷Uncleotiden.核苷酸Trigonellafoenum-groecumL胡Uridinen.尿苷卢巴Ursolicacidn.熊果酸zymotic附录934UsneadiffractaVain.松萝(节松Vitexinen.牡荆素萝)Vlclanosen.蚕豆糖UsnealongissimaAch.长松萝(老Volatileoilsn.挥发油君须)Wedelactonen.澎蜞菊内酯Uzarmn.乌沙苷Wikstroemiaindica(L.)C.MMeyVaccariasegetalis(Neck.)Garcke南岭芫花(了哥王)王不留行Wogotllnn.汉黄芩素VacciniumbracteatumThunb.乌WuweizisuC五味子丙素饭树XanthiumsibiricumPatr.etWidd.

VacciniummyrtillusL.蓝莓苍耳VacciniumuliginosumL.笃斯越橘Xanthohumoln.黄腐醇Vacciniumvitis-idaeaL.越橘Xanthonen.酮ValerianaofficinalisL.缬草Xanthotoxinn.花椒毒内酯VeratrumnigrumL.藜芦Xanthoxyletinn.美花椒内酯VerbenaofficinalisL.马鞭草Xanthyletinn.花椒内酯Vinblastinen.长春碱Xylosen.木糖Vincristinen.长春新碱Yuccageninn.丝蓝皂苷元Violanthinn.三色堇素ZanthoxylumbungeanumMaxim.

VirextrifoliaL.var.simplicifolia花椒Cham单叶蔓荆Zanthoxylumnitidum(Roxb.)DCViscumcoloratum(Kom.)Nakai槲光叶花椒(两面针)寄生ZeamaysL玉蜀黍VitexnegundoL.var.cannabifoliaZingiberofficinaleRosc姜(Sieb.etZucc.)Hang-Mazz.ZiziphusjujubaMill枣牡荆ZiziphusjujubaMill.var.spinosaVitextrifoliaL.蔓荆(Bunge)HuexH.P.Chow酸枣935常用医学英语前缀与后缀AppendixⅡCommonlyusedprefixandsuffixofmedicalEnglish附录Ⅱ常用医学英语前缀与后缀A

a-[无,缺]anemia贫血;atonia无脂瘤张力;asymptomatic无症状的;adreno-[肾上腺]adrenocorticoidamenorrhea闭经肾上腺皮质激素;adrenalin肾上ab-[非,分离]abnormal异常的;腺素;adrenal肾上腺abortion流产;abduct外展;ab--aemia(emia)[血症]bacteremiascision切除菌血症;leukemia白血病acid-,acido-acidum[酸]acidalbu-albi-,albu-[白色]albinism白化min酸白蛋白;acidosis酸中毒病;albumin白蛋白;albugineaacou(acu)-[听觉]acumeter听力白膜计;acouophone助听器-algesia[痛觉]hypoalgesia痛觉acro-[肢端,顶点]acromegaly肢减退;hyperalgesia痛觉过敏端肥大症;acromastitis乳头炎-algiaalgos[痛]myalgia肌痛;od-actino-[光束,放射]actino-ontalgia牙痛;arthralgia关节痛;gramxX线照片;actinotherapycephalgia头痛射线疗法alka-,alkali-[碱]alkalosis[碱中ad-[邻近,向上]adrenal肾上腺;毒];alkality碱性adaxial近轴的;annexa附件alveo-[牙槽,小泡]alveolitis牙槽-ad[……侧]ventrad向腹侧;炎;alveobronchiolitis支气管肺cephalad向头侧泡炎adeno-[腺]adenocyte腺细胞;ambi-[两,两边,复,双]ambilat-adenoidism腺体病;adenoma腺eral两侧的;ambiopia复视;am-瘤;adenotomy腺切除术bivert双重性格adipo-[脂肪]adiposis肥胖症;ambly-[弱]amblyopia弱视;am-adiponecrosis脂肪坏死;adipomablyaphia触觉迟钝zymotic附录936amphi-,ampho-amphi-[双,两]注器amphibia两栖类;amphicrania两arterio-[动脉]arteriospasm动脉侧头痛痉挛;arteriosclerosis动脉硬化;amylo-[淀粉]amyloidosis淀粉arteriotomy动脉切开术样变;amylase淀粉酶arthr-arthro-[关节]arthritis关angio-[血管]angiography血管节炎;arthrocentesis关节穿刺;造影术;angioedema血管性水arthrotomy关节切开术,肿;angiofibroma血管纤维瘤atropho-atrophy[萎缩]atropho-ante-[前]antenatal出生前的,derma皮萎缩,脑萎缩anteflexion前屈;antebrachium-ase[酶]oxidase氧化酶;protein-前臂;antelabium唇缘ase蛋白酶antero-[前]anterolateral前侧-asthenia[无力]myasthenia肌无壁;anteroventral前腹侧力;neurasthenia神经衰弱anti-[抗,反]antibiotics抗生audio-,audi--[听力]audiology听素;antihypertensives降压药;觉学,audiometer听力计,:audi-anticoagulant抗凝剂,antisepticphone助听器防腐剂aur-,auris-[耳]auricula耳廓;aqua-[水]aquaeductus导水管;auriscope耳镜aquatic水的,水栖的auto-[自己,自身]autoimmunearachno-[蛛网膜]arachnoid蛛网自身免疫;autohemotherapy自膜;arachnoiditis蛛网膜炎体血疗法;autoinfection自体传archo-[肛门,直肠]archorrhagia染;auto-intoxication自体中毒肛门出血;archosyrinx直肠灌B

bacilli-[杆菌]bacillosis杆菌病;baro-[压力]barometer压力计;bacilluria杆菌尿baroreceptor压力感受器bacterio-[细菌]bacteriology细bary-[迟钝]barylalia言语不清;菌学;bacteriolysis溶菌(作用);baryacusia听觉迟钝bactericide杀菌剂baso-[嗜碱]basoerythrocyte嗜937常用医学英语前缀与后缀碱红细胞;basophilia嗜碱性胞;osteoblast成骨细胞bi-[双]bicuspid二尖瓣,双尖牙;brachy-[短]brachypnea气短;bilateral两侧的;bipara分娩二brachydactylia短指畸形次者brady-[迟缓]bradycardia心动过bili-[胆汁]bilirubin胆红素;bil-缓;bradypsychia精神不振;iousness胆汁病bradypepsia消化不良bio-[生命]biology生物学;biop-broncho-bronchi-[支气管]bron-sy活检;biochemistry生物化学choscopy支气管镜检查;bron-blast-,blasto-,blastos-[胚,芽]cholith支气管石;bronchitis支blastoderm胚层,胚盘;blasto-气管炎spore芽生孢子bronchiole-[细支气管]bronchi--blast[母细胞]spermatoblast精ole细支气管;bronchiolectasis细子细胞;melanoblast成黑色素细支气管扩张C

calci-[钙]calcification钙化;cal-疝;hysterocele子宫脱垂;oph-cicosilicosis钙沉着症;calcimeterthalmocele眼球突出钙定量器celio-[腹]celiorrhaphy腹壁缝carbo-[碳]carbohydrate碳水化法;celiotomy剖腹术;celioscopy合物;carbohaemia碳酸血症腹腔镜检查carcino-[癌]carcinogen致癌物;-centesis[穿刺]arthrocentesis关carcinogene致癌基因节穿刺;abdominocentesis腹穿;cardio-[心,贲门]cardiotonics强pneumocentesis肺穿刺术心剂;cardioplasty贲门成形术centri-,centro-[中心,中央,中枢]-cardia[心脏]:bradycardia心动centrifuge离心机;centrother-徐缓;tachyeardia心动过速apy中枢疗法cata-kata-[降,下]:catagenesiscephal-,cephalo-[头]cephalalgia退化,复旧;catalysis催化(作用)头痛;cephalocele脑膨出;cepha-cau[腐蚀,灼]caustic腐蚀性的;lopathy头部疾病,cauterantia腐蚀剂;烧灼剂cerebell-[小脑]cerebellitis小脑-cele[疝,肿物]omphalocele脐炎;cerebellum小脑zymotic附录938cereb-,cerebro-[大脑]cerebritiscirculation循环;circumduc-大脑炎;cerebrology脑学tion环行(运动);circumoral口chemo-[化学]chemotherapy化周的;circumcision包皮环切术疗;chemo-antigen化学抗原co-[联合,凝集]coagulation凝chiro-,cheiro-,cheir-[手]结,血凝固;cooperation合作chiragra手痛风;chirospasm书coagulo-[凝固]coagulogen,凝集写痉挛原;coagulant凝血剂chloro-[绿,氯]chloroform氯仿;colo-[结肠]colostomy结肠切开chloromycetin氯霉素;chloro-术;coloptosis结肠下垂phyll叶绿素colpo-(coleo)-[阴道]colposcopechol-,chole-,cholo-chole[胆,胆汁]阴道镜;coleospastia阴道痉挛cholemia胆血症;choloehromecon-[合,同]conception受孕;胆色素congestion充血cholangio-[胆道]cholangitis胆contra-[反,逆]contraindication管炎;cholangiectasis胆管扩张禁忌证;contraceptive避孕药;cholo-[胆]cholagogue利胆剂;contralateral对侧cholelithiasis胆石症;cholecysti-counter-[反,逆]counteragent拮tis胆囊炎,cholesterol胆固醇抗剂;counterpoison[解毒剂]chondr-,chondro-chondros[软骨]cranio-[颅]craniomalacia颅骨软chondritis软骨炎;ehondroma软化;cranioclasis碎颅术骨瘤;chondrosarcoma软骨肉cyst-[膀胱,囊]cystomy膀胱切瘤;chondrification骨软化开术;cystitis膀胱炎;cystoscopychromo-[色素]cytochrome细胞膀胱镜检查色素;chromosome染色体-cyst-[膀胱,囊]dacryocyst泪囊-cide[杀剂]germicide杀菌剂;a-cyto-,kytos-[细胞]cytochemistryborticide堕胎药;insecticide杀细胞化学;cytogenesis细胞发生虫药-cyte-[细胞]lymphocyte淋巴细circ-,circum-circum[在周围环绕]胞;cytolysis细胞溶解939常用医学英语前缀与后缀D

de-除去,离;detoxication解毒;ic右旋的decomposition分解(作用);de-di-[二倍,二重]dioxide二氧化dentition脱牙物;diplegia两侧瘫deca-,deka-[十(倍)]decaliter十dia-[透,离]diarrhoea腹泻;dia-升;decameter十米thermia透热法dent-,denti-[齿,牙]dentalgia牙dipl-,diplo-,diploos-[双]diplacu-痛;dentition出牙;dentistry牙sis复听;diplococcus双球菌科学dis-[分离]discussion分离术;derm-[皮肤]dermatology皮肤病disinfection消毒法;disconnect学;dermoplasty皮肤成形术;分离;disfunction机能失常dermatalgia皮痛;dermatosis皮dolicho-[长]:dolichocnemia长肤病腿;dolichofacial长面的-derma[皮肤,真皮]leucoderma-duction[转向]:conduction传白斑病;xanthoderma皮肤黄导;induction感应变病duodeno-[十二指肠]duodenitisdermat-,dermato-,dermo-,derma-十二指肠炎,duodenostomy十二[真皮]dermatalgia皮痛;der-指肠造口术matosis皮肤病-dynia,-odyne[痛]gastrodynia胃des-,dis-[分解;去,消]desensi-痛;arthrodynia关节痛;urethro-tize脱敏感;desquamation脱屑,dynia尿道痛脱皮dys-[异常]dysfunction功能不dextro-[右]dextrocardia右位心;良;dyshormonism内分泌障碍;dextrogastria右位胃;dexiotrop-dysuria排尿困难E

-ectasis,-ektasis[扩张]arteriecta-sia动脉扩张;gastroectasis胃扩zymotic附录940张;bronchiectasia支气管扩张炎;enterostenosis肠狭窄;en-ecto-ektos[外]ectoparasite外寄terovirus肠病毒生物;ecto-enzyme胞外酶ento-[在内]entoderm内胚层-ectomy,-ectomiaextome[切除术]epi-[上,外]epigastrium上腹部;adenectomy腺切除术;sple-epidermis表皮nectomia脾切除术equi-[平等]equilibrium平衡;e--edema[水肿]encephaledema脑quivalence等值,等量水肿;myxedema黏液性水肿erythr-,erythro-[红]erythrasmaelectro-,electron-[电子]:electro-红癣;erythremia红细胞过多症;cystoscope电光膀胱镜;electrol-erythromycin红霉素ysis电解(作用)esophago-[食管]esophagoscope-emesia[呕]hematemesia呕血;食管镜;esophagitis食管炎helminthemesia吐虫eu-[好,佳]euphoria精神愉快;-emia[血症(液病)]erythremiaeutocia顺产,正常分娩红细胞增多;sapraemia毒血症ex-[外,离]excoriation表皮脱encephalo-[脑]encephaloma脑落;expectoration痰;咳出瘤;encephaledema脑水肿exo-[外,外部]exocardia异位心;endo-[内]endocarditis心内膜exocoelom胚外体腔炎;endoscope内窥镜;endocrineextra-[在外]extracellular细胞外内分泌的;extrasystole额外收缩enter-,entero-[肠]enteritis肠F

facio-[面]facioplegia面瘫;facio-萄酸盐;ferritin铁蛋白plasty面部成形术ferro-[(亚)铁]ferroheme(亚铁)-fast[耐]acid-fast抗酸的;uvio-血红素;ferrohemoglobin亚铁血fast耐紫外线红蛋白febri-[热]febricula低热;febrifa-feti-,feto-[胎儿]feticulture妊娠cient致热的;febrifuga退热剂期卫生;fetometry胎儿测量法ferri-[铁]ferrigluconate正铁葡fibri-,fibro-[纤维]fibrination纤941常用医学英语前缀与后缀维素生长增多;fibroadenoma纤head前额维腺瘤;fibroblast成纤维细胞;-form[形状]oviform卵形的;fibrosis纤维化granuliform颗粒状的flavo-[黄的]flavonone二氢黄fungi-[真菌,霉菌]fungicide杀酮;flavomycin黄霉素真菌剂;fungistasis制霉菌作用fore-[前]forebrain前脑;fore-G

gastro-[胃]gastroptosis胃下垂;蛋白尿;globulolysis血球溶解gastroenteritis胃肠炎;gastros-glosso-,glossia-[舌]glossoplegiacopy胃镜检查;gastratrophy胃舌瘫痪;macroglossia巨舌萎缩gluco-[糖]glucose葡萄糖;glu--gen[原]glycogen糖原;patho-coprotein糖蛋白;glucocorticoidgen病原体;antigen抗原糖皮质激素-genesis[起原,发生]cytogenesisglyco-[糖]glycogen糖原;glyco-细胞发生;glycogenesis糖原suria糖尿生成-gony[生殖;遗传]amphigony两-genic[…性的]cardiogenic心源性生殖;sporogony孢子生殖性的;allergenic变应原的-grade[级,度]centigrade摄氏温-geny[起原,产生,进化]embry-度;retrograde逆行性ogeny胚胎发生;ontogeny人体-gram[克]microgram微克;kilo-发生,人体发育gram千克gero-,geron-[老人]gerocomium-gram[图]electrocardiogram心养老院;gerontology老年病学电图;electroencephalogram脑giganto-[巨大]gigantocyte巨红电图细胞;gigantism巨人症-graph(y)[…仪(法)]electrocar-gingiv-,gingivo-[牙龈]gingivitisdiograph心电图仪;bronchogra-牙龈炎;gingivostomatitis牙龈phy支气管造影术口腔炎gyneco-[妇女]gynecology妇科glob-,globus-[球]globulinuria球学;gynecopathy妇科病zymotic附录942H

hemo(hemato)-[血]hemoglobinhomo-[同]homotype同型;hom-血红蛋白;hematoma血肿ologue同系物;homoplasty同种helio-[日,太阳]heliosis日射病;移植术heliotherapy日光疗法hydro-[水]hydropericardium[心hemi-[半]hemiplegia偏瘫;hem-包积水];hydrolysis[水解];hy-icrania偏头痛drophobia狂犬病hepat-,hepato-[肝]hepatitis肝hyp-,hypo-[下,低]hypacusis听炎;hepatocirrhosis肝硬化;hep-觉减退;hypothermy体温过低atosplenomegaly肝脾肿大hyper-[高,超过;上]hypercalce-heredo-[遗传]heredo-immunitymia高钙血症;hyperthyroidism遗传免疫性;heredosyphilis遗传甲亢;hyperinfection高度传染梅毒hypno-[睡眠]hypnotics安眠药;hidro-[汗]hyperhidrosis多汗hypnotherapy催眠疗法;hypno-症;anhidrosis无汗症sis催眠,histo-[组织]histology组织学;hypo-[低]hypotension低血压;histomorphology组织形态学hypoglycemia低血糖holo-[全部]holonarcosis全麻;hystero-[子宫]hysterospasm子holoenzyme全酶;holotonia全身宫痉挛;hysteroptosis子宫下垂肌紧张I

-ia[病]melancholia忧郁症;py-geriatrics老年病学rexia发热-iatry[医学]psychiatry精神病-iasis,-asis[病]schistosomiasis学;pediatry儿科学血吸虫病;urolithiasis尿石症-ible[可能,易于]combustible易-iatrics[医学]pediatrics儿科学;燃的,可燃的;digestible易消943常用医学英语前缀与后缀化的的;intercellular细胞间的;inter-idio-idios[特别的;自己的]idio-articular关节间的glossia自语症;idiolysin自发intra-[在内]intravenous静脉内溶素的;intracranial颅内的;intra-im-in[不,非,无]impalpable不muscular肌肉内的可触知的;impotence阳痿iso-isos[同等]isocoria瞳孔等大;immuno-[免疫]immunoglobulinisodont同形牙免疫球蛋白;immunotherapy免-ist[家,者]pathologist病理学疫疗法家;anatomist解剖学家;dentistinfra-[在…的下面]infracostal牙医师肋骨下;inframaxillary上颌下;-itis[炎症]cellulitis蜂窝织炎;infraorbital眶下的myocarditis心肌炎;appendicitisinter-[中,间]intervertebral椎间阑尾炎;bronchitis支气管炎K

kata-,cata-[分解,下降]katabo-keratitis角膜炎;ceratitis角膜炎lism(catabolism)分解代谢;kata-kilo-[一千]kiloliter千升;kilo-phoresis(cataphoresis)电泳volt千伏(特)kera-,kerato-,cera-,keras-[角膜]L

laryng-,laryngo-,larynx-[喉]lar-多;lipase脂肪酶yngology喉科学;laryngopathy-lith[结石]cholelith胆结喉病石;broncholith支气管石leuco-,leuko-[白]leucomycin白-logy[学]cardiology心脏病学;霉素;leucorrhea白带;leukocy-bacteriology细菌学;histologytosis白细胞增多组织学lipo-[脂肪]lipotrophy脂肪增-logist[专家]gynecologist妇科zymotic附录944专家;radiologistX线专家lys-,lyso-[溶解]lysinogen溶素lumbo-[腰]lumbosacral腰骶部原;lysozyme溶菌酶的;lumbodynia腰痛-lysis(-lytic)[松解,分解]cytoly-lympho-[淋巴]lymphedema淋巴sis细胞溶解;arthrolysis关节松水肿;lymphocytopenia淋巴细胞解术;spasmolytic解痉的减少M

macro-[大,巨]macrophage巨噬-metry[测量法]iodometry碘定细胞;macromolecule大分子量法;anthropometry人体测量mal-[不良,缺陷]malnutrition营术;chronometry计时法养不良;malfunction功能不全;micro-[小]microorganism微生maldigestion消化不良物;micropump微泵;microliter-malacia[软化]:gastromalacia微升胃软化;myelomalacia骨髓软化mono-[单-]mononucleosis单核mega-,megalo-[巨大]megaeolon细胞增多;monogenesis单性生巨结肠;megalomania夸大狂殖;monomer单体-megalia,-megaly[巨大,肥大]morpho-[形态]:morpholysis形splenomegalia脾大;gastromega-态崩坏;morphophysics形态物ly巨胃;cardiomegaly心扩大;理学cephalomegaly巨头畸形mort-[死]mortality死亡率;mela-,melano-[黑的]melana黑mortuary停尸室粪;melanonychia黑甲mot-motor-[动]motility机动性;meningo-[脑膜]meningitis脑膜motorius运动神经炎;meningocephalitis脑膜脑炎multi-[多]multinuclear多核的;meno-[月经]dysmenorrhea痛multipara经产妇经;menopause停经myelo-[骨髓,脊髓]myelocele脊meso-mesos[中]mesoderm中胚髓膨出;myelocyte髓细胞层;mesodont中颚型myo-[肌]myocarditis心肌炎;-meter[表,计]spirometer肺活myofibroma肌纤维瘤量计;hemodynamometer血压计945常用医学英语前缀与后缀N

naso-[鼻]nasoscope鼻镜;nasitisnoct-,nocti-[夜]noctalbuminuria[鼻炎]夜蛋白尿症;noctambulation梦-necrosis[死的]angionecrosis血游(症)管坏死;osteonecrosis骨坏死non-[非]non-electrolyte非电解neo-[新]neoplasm新生物,瘤;质;non-bloodsucking非吸血的;neomycin新霉素non-parasitic非寄生的nephr-,nephro-[肾]nephritis肾normo-[正常,标准]normoblast炎;nephropathy肾病;nephro-正常红细胞;normocyte正常红sclerosis肾硬变细胞nerv-nervus[神经]nerve-centrenov-,nova-[新]novarscnolum新神经中枢;nervine神经的胂凡纳明;novaspirin新阿司neuro-[神经]neuroma神经瘤;匹林neuropath神经病患者;neuro-nulli-[无]nullipara未产妇;nul-dermatitis神经性皮炎ligravida未孕妇O

oculo-[眼]oculist眼科医生;ocu-oncogene癌基因lusdexter右眼;oculussinisterophthalmo-[眼]ophthalmocele左眼眼球突出;ophthalmoplegia眼肌-oid…[样,…状的]fibroid纤维麻痹样的;osteoid骨样-opia[眼;视力]:asthenopia眼疲oligo-[少]oligophrenia智力发育劳;diplopia复视不全;oliguria少尿os-,oss-[骨]ossature骨骼;ossi--oma[肿瘤]adenoma腺瘤;oste-cle小骨oma骨瘤;epithelioma上皮瘤-osis[病]dermatosis皮肤病;aci-onco-[肿瘤]oncology肿瘤学;dosis酸中毒;cirrhosis肝硬化;zymotic附录946mycosis霉菌病oto-[耳]otolith耳石;otoplastyosteo-[骨]osteomalacia骨软化;耳成形术;otopyosis耳化脓osteoarthritis骨关节炎;osteo--otomy[切开]ototomy耳切开porosis骨质疏松术;urethrotomy尿道切开术P

paedo-,pedo-[儿童]paedieterusperi-[周围]pericarditis心包炎;新生儿黄疸;pedodontology儿perianal肛周的;pericardium心童牙科学包;pericyte周细胞pan-[全]panimmunity多种免-pexy[固定,固定术]interopexy疫;pantalgia全身痛;pantatro-肠固定术;gastropexy胃固定术phia全身营养不良phago-[吃,吞噬]phagocyte(吞)par-,para-,paro-[副,旁,亚异]噬细胞;phagomania贪食狂paradentitis牙周炎;parathyroidpharmaco-[药]pharmacokinetics甲状旁腺药代动力学;physicochemistry-para[产妇]primipara初产妇;药典nullipara未产妇;pluripara多-phobia[恐怖]cancerphobia癌病产妇恐怖;necrophobia尸体恐怖patho-[病]pathography病情记phos-phos[磷]phosphas磷酸盐;录;patholophobia疾病恐怖phosphoremia含磷血-pathy[病]dermatopathy皮肤physio-[物理]physiotheraphy理病;Cardiomyopathy心肌病疗;physicochemistry物理化学pedia-[儿童]pediatrician儿科医-plasty[成形术]angioplasty血管师;pediatrics儿科学成形术;homoplasty同种移植;-penia[减少]leucopenia白细胞gastroplasty胃成形术减少;thrombopenia血小板减-plegia[瘫]paraplegia截瘫;少;erythropenia红细胞减少;hemiplegia偏瘫glycopenia低血糖pleuro-[胸膜]pleuritis胸膜炎;per-[经;渗透]percutaneous经pleurocentesis胸腔穿刺术皮肤的;perforation穿破,穿孔,-pnea[呼吸]orthopnea端坐呼穿孔术;perspiration出汗吸;tachypnea呼吸急促947常用医学英语前缀与后缀pneumo-[气,肺]pneumothorax生质(原浆);protozoa原生动物气胸;pneumococcus肺炎球菌pseudo-[假的,伪]psudohyper-poly-[多]polyuria多尿;polycho-trophy假性肥大;pseudocyesislia胆汁过多;polygastria胃液假孕;pseudocartilage假软骨过多psycho-[精神,心理]psychologypost-[后]postpartum产后;post-理学;psychiatry精神病学;psy-operation术后;postmortem死后chopathia精神变态pre-[前]premenopause绝经前-ptosis[下垂]nephroptosis肾下期;premature期前收缩;preload垂;hysteroptosis子宫下垂;gas-前负荷troptosis胃下垂presby-presbys[老年]presbyope-ptysis[咯]pyoptysis咯脓;he-老视者;presbycusis老年性聋moptysis咯血pro-pro[在前]proerythrocyte成pyo-[脓]pyorrhea溢脓;pyosis血细胞;progeria早老化脓;pyocyte脓细胞proto-protos[原]protoplasm原Q

quadri-[四]quadriccps四头肌,四头的;quadricuspid四尖矛R

radio-[放射]radiotherapy放疗;retino-[视网膜]retinitis视网膜radiology放射学炎;retinodialysis视网膜分离re-[再返]reinfection再传染;rei-retro-[后,后方的]retrocollis颈noculation再接种后倾;retroflexio后屈recto-[直肠]rectitis直肠炎;rec--rhagia,[出血]enterorrhagia肠tectomy直肠切除术出血;gastrorrhagia胃出血reti-[网]reticulation网状形成;-rhaphy,-rrhaphy[缝术]angior-retina视网膜;retinitis视网膜炎rhaphy血管缝术;tenorrhaphyzymotic附录948腱缝术rhagia肺出血-rhea,-rrhea,-rhoea,-rrhoea[流]-rrhaphy[缝合术]neurorrhaphydiarrhoea腹泻;otorrhea耳溢神经缝合术;vasorrhaphy输卵rhino-[鼻]rhinitis鼻炎;rhinor-管缝合术rhea鼻漏-rrhea[流出]diarrhea腹泻;men--rrhagia[出血]gastorrhagia胃出orrhea月经血;hemorrhage出血;pneumor-S

schisto-[裂]schistosomiasis血吸亢进虫病;schistoglossia舌裂sapo-,sapo-[肥皂]sapogcnin皂scirrho-[硬]scirrhosarca硬皮角苷配基;saponification皂化病;scirrhoma硬癌sclero-,skleros-[硬的,巩固的]sclero-[硬]scleroderma硬皮病;scleratitis巩膜炎;sclerodenitissclerometer硬度计硬化性腺炎-scope(y)[镜,检查]stethoscope-sclerosiss-klerosis[硬化]arterio-听诊器;otoscope耳镜;proctos-sclerosis动脉硬化;cardiosclero-copy直肠镜检查法sis心硬化semi-[半]semicoma半昏迷;-scopeskopein[观察]laryngo-semiliquid半流质scope喉镜;otoscope耳镜spondylo-[脊椎]spondylopathysemi-[半]semicanalis半管;脊椎病;spondylitis脊椎炎semiflexion半屈-stomy[造口术]colostomy结肠-seopyskopein[检查法,观察法]造口术;ilecolostomy回结肠吻microscopy显微镜检查法;合术stethoscopy听诊法sub-[下,亚]subacute亚急性;seps-,sept-,septikos[腐烂,毒的]subabdominal下腹部的sepsis脓毒病;septicemia败血症super-[在…上]superficial浅的;spiro-,spirare-[呼吸]spirogramsuperoxide超氧化物呼吸描记图;spirometer呼吸量supra-[上]supraventricular室上测定器,肺活量计性的;suprarenalism肾上腺机能-stasisstasis[停]hemostasis止血949常用医学英语前缀与后缀(法);ophthalmostasis眼球固复传染定法supra-,[上]suprabuccal颊上的;sub-,[下]subcortical皮层下的,suprahyoid舌骨上的皮质下的;subcutis皮下组织syn-[同,合,相同]syncytium合super-[上,过多,过度]superacid-体细胞;syndrome综合征,症ity胃酸过多;superinfection重候群T

tachy-[快]tachycardia心动过-therapy-therapeia[疗法,治疗]速;tachypnea呼吸急促hydrotherapy水疗法;radiother--therapy[治疗]massotherapy按apy放射疗法摩治疗;pharmacotherapy药物therm-,thermo-,therme-[热]治疗thermolysis散热作用;thermom-thermo-[热]thermometer温度eter温度计,温度表计;thermatology热疗学-tometome[切开术,手术]arth-thrombo-[血栓,血小板]throm-rotome关节刀;cystotome膀bolysis溶栓;thrombocytopenia胱刀血小板减少症;thrombosis血toxi-,toxo-,toxikon-[毒]toxith--tomy[切开术]tracheotomy气管erapy毒素治疗;toxolysin抗切开术;ovariotomy卵巢切开术毒素tracheo-[气管]tracheoscope气trans-[经,输]transfusion输血管镜;tracheorrhagia气管出血[法];transmission传染,传播trans-[经;转移]transurethral经tri-,tres-[三]triconodonta三尖尿道;transfusion输血牙类;tricrotism三重搏-trophy[营养]dystrophy营养不tub-,tubo-,tubus-[管]tubo-ova-良;atrophy萎缩ritis输卵管卵巢炎;tubulus小管zymotic附录950U

ultra-[超过]ultraviolet紫外线;un-[无,未]unconsciousness神ultrasound超声志丧失,人事不省;undigested未utero-[子宫]uteroscope子宫镜;消化的uterotonic宫缩剂-uriaurine[尿]glycosuria糖尿;ultra-[超]ultrafilter超滤器;ul-polyuria多尿症tramicroscope超度显微镜uro-,urine-[尿]urobilin尿胆素;-ulus,-ula,-uleulus[小]canalicu-uropenia尿少lus小管;capsula囊,胶囊剂V

vaso-[血管]vasomotion血管舒vita-[生命]vitagraph活动照相;缩;vasodilator血管扩张剂vitalism生活力说,生机论X

xero-,xeros-[干硬]xeransis干燥;xerocheilia干唇Z

zoo-,zoon-[动物]zoology动物皮肤寄生虫;entozoa内寄生物学;zooparasite寄生动物zymo-,zymos-[酵]zymogen酶-zoon,-zoazoon[虫]dermatozoon原;zymoplasm凝血酶951常用短语和词组AppendixⅢCommonPhraseandWordGroup附录Ⅲ常用短语和词组afortiori理由更充足地enroute在路上aposteriori归纳的,由因推果,归etal及其他等纳地etcetera=etc.等等apriori演绎的,先验的;演绎地exempligratia=e.g.例如alotof很多,许多guodvide参阅abextra自外而来idest=i.e.就是,即abinitio自始idgenusomne诸如此类abintra自内部inabsentia当…不在时aborigine自始,原来inaccordwith同…一致abovo从头开始inaccordancewith与…一致,按adhoc为此照,依照adinfinitum至无穷大,永远,无限inaetermum永久,永远adinterium在此时间内inesse实在adlibtum随意地,无限制地inextonso全部antebellum战前的inlimine开头,正要aslongas只要inmediasres在正中aswell也inmemoriam为纪念;献给caeterisparibus其他条件相同时innubibus含糊,不明cumgranosalis不无缺点;打个inonewayoranother用某种方法折扣inparvo微不足道的数量doby对待,欺骗inorderto以便,为了dofor对于…有效[可行]inperpetuum永久dowith与…相处,忍受,对付,inposse可能地处理inpropriapersona亲自enbloc总括in[with]relationto关于,涉及,enmasse一同有关zymotic附录952inshort总之,简言之necessaryfor…为…所需的insitu在原位置necessaryto对…说来必需的instatuquo照原状,照旧needlesstosay用不着说的intoto完全,全部,全然neitherherenorthere没关系的,不invitro活体外,试管内必要的invivo在活体内neithermorenorlessthan…和…interalia尤其完全一样ipsofacto照那个事实,事实上neither…nor…既不…又不makeof由(用)…制造nesttonothing几乎没有,极少makein向…进入,干涉别人,加入nesttothelast倒数第二纷争nevermind没关系,不必介意makeinto把…制成,使转变为nevermore决不再makeit规定时间,办成功,做到neverso…as从来[永远]不如…makeoff[赶快]离开,逃走那样makeout书写,填写,开列never…so…as从来[永远]不如…makeup补偿,弥补,补足,配置,包那样装,编制,捏造,组成,化装,打扮newtypesof…新型的makeupto接近nextbutone隔一个(即第三个),相modusoperandi有效方法邻第二mutatesmultandis加必要的变更nexttoimpossible几乎不可能naildown…钉牢;束缚nextto…次于,紧接于,紧挨着name…(…)把…叫作(…)noalternativebut…除…外别无选name…after(…)以…命名…择namedinhonourof…为纪念…而no…atall一点也没有命名nobetterthan…与…差不多name…for…指定…做nodoubt无疑,当然narrowdown变窄,变狭小noendof…无数的,无限的nearathand临近nolaterthan…决不迟于nearby在附近,靠近noless…than(…)和(…)同样…nearhere这是附近nolessthan…不少于,至少nearto…在…近旁noless还是,仍旧nearupon…将近nolittle…不少的nearlyall…几乎所有的nolonger不再,已不953常用短语和词组nomatterhow…无论怎样仍然nomatterhowmuch…不管多少nonetheless[worse]because[for]nomatterif…如果…则无关紧要…决不因…而差一些nomatterwhat…无论什么nonethemore(虽然仍样)仍nomatterwhen…无论何时noothing…so…but…没有东nomatterwhere无论何地西…如此…以致…不…nomatterwhether不论…是否normalto…垂直于nomatterwhich…无论哪个not…anylonger不再,已不nomatterwho…无论谁not…anymorethan…仅仅[不nomatterwhy…不管为什么过]nomatter不要紧,不重要not…anymore不再nomorethan…不过,仅仅not…atall毫不,一点也不nomore不再not…but(rather)…不是……nomore…than(…)与(…)同样不而是noone(none)…so…but没有人…not…butwhat…没有…是不如此…以致…不…的noonebut(…)除(…)之外没人not…onanyconsideration决不noother…than(…)除(…)外没有notabit毫不,一点也不别的notafew…不少的,很多的nootherthan…不外是,就是notas…as(…)和(…)不一样…nosooner…than(…)刚一…就noteither…or…既不…又不(…)notfartoseck很明白,在近处nosortof…毫无notfortheworld决不nouse是无用的notinanyway无论如何不nowonder不足奇,难怪notintheleast毫不no…whatever什么也不notinfrequently常常nobody无人notlessthan…不少于nonebut…(…)除…外谁也不(…)notmorethan…不超过noneof……中一个[一点]也没有notonly(merely)…but(also)…不noneotherthan…不外是但…而且nonethebetterfor…决不因…而notso(…)as…不如,[不像…]那好点样(…)nonetheless(虽然那样)还是;notsomuchas…甚至连…也没有zymotic附录954notso不是如此上大于notthat…,butthat…不是…而是numbersof…若干;许多…;不是因为…,而是因为…obeyedby…为…所遵守notthecaseof…并非如此objectagainst…that…之所以反nottomention[tosay]不用说,更对…是由于不必说objectthat…之所以反对是因为nottospeakof(…)更不必讲(…)objectto…反对;讨厌notyet还不,尚未object…to…提出…来反对not…neither[nor]不…,也不…objectedto…感谢notedown…记下observeupon(on)…对…表示意notedfor…以…著称见;谈论nothingbut…仅是,不过是obstruct…from(in)(+ing)妨碍nothingelsebut[than]不外乎是,…(…)正好是obtainwith…为…所公认nothingless[more]than…无非occupiedin(with)…从事于是,正是,简直是occurto…被…想到nothingofthekind毫不相似,决不oddsandends零星物件是那样of(set)purpose有意地nothingshortof…简直是,完全是ofacertainty肯定,确定,明确nothingtospeakof微不足道ofakind[sort]同一种类的nothingwrongwith……没总是ofapiece一致的,调和的,同样的[没毛病]ofasize大小相同nothing什么没有ofasudden突然notwithstanding(that)…尽管…仍ofatruth实际上now…now…时而…时而ofaccount重要的nowandagain[then]不时地ofadvantage有利的,便利的nowandthen时常ofavail有用的,有益的now(that)…既然,因为ofconcern有关的nullandvoid无效,作废ofconsequence具有重大意义的numberup…列举ofcourse当然number(+数字)+inall总数共ofgreataidto…对…很有用的,对(…)…有很大帮助numbericallygreaterthan…数值ofgreatbenefitto…对…很有帮助955常用短语和词组[好处]ofthesameorder同数量级的ofhelp有用的,有益的ofthetime当时的;当今的ofimportance有重大意义的ofuse有用的ofinterestto…对…有意义的[有ofvalue有价值的趣的]offandon断续地,不规则地,偶尔ofitsownaccord自动地,本能地offduty不值班ofitself自动地,自然而然offfrom…离…oflate最近,近来offhand立即,不加准备的oflateyears近年offone’smind忘记oflessimportance比较不重要offthepoint不着要点的oflong[twoyears’]standing长[二offerresistanceto…对…施以阻年之]久的力,对…提供电阻ofmodernconstruction属于现代化onafifty-fifty[ahalfandhalf]结构basis平均地,在对开分的基础上ofmoment有意义的,重要的onalarge[small]scale大[小]规ofnecessity必然,出于不得已模地ofnoeffect无效,无益,不中用onaparwith…和…同等ofnoforce无效onascaleof…按…比例尺ofnouse无用,无益onaccountof…因为,基于ofnote值得注意的,著名的onallaccounts无论如何,总之ofoneself独自;自发地onallfronts在各条战线上oforder用例onandafter以后ofprinciple有原则性的onandoff断绝地,不规则地,偶尔ofreference参考用的onandon不断地,不停地ofserviceto对…有用[有帮助]onany[every]account无论如何,ofsignificance有重大意义的总之ofthefirstorder第一流的,第一级onanycondition在任何条件下或一阶的,一级(反应)onbehalfof…以…名义,代表ofthemoment目前,最近onboard在船上ofthenatureof…具有…的性质onbroadlines大体上oftheopinionthat…以为,相信onbusiness因公;因事oftheorderof…数量级为…的,oncertainconditions在某些场合下…左右的onconditionthat在…条件下,如果zymotic附录956oncontactwith…一经与…接触onsecondthought慎重考虑后ondemand提出需要时就onsight一看见就ondisplay陈列,展出onstanding一经静置,静置时onduty值日,值班onsuchoccasions在这样一些场onearth世界上,究竟(用于问句),合下全然(用于否定句)onthat(very)account正是由于那oneitherside在两个边上都个缘故onend竖着,不停地onthe(an)average平均计算onequaltermswith…按与…相同ontheair广播中,播送中的条件,以与…平等的关系onthealert提防着oneveryside到处,四面八方ontheanalogyof…以…类推onfire着火ontheassumptionthat…假定onfoot步行onthebasisof…在…基础上,ongoodgrounds完全有根据地基于ongroundsof…根据…理由onthebrinkof…即将,接近onhand在手边,现有onthecarpet在讨论[研究]中onitsownaccount由于自己本身,onthecontrary反之,相反地本身上ontheedgeof…濒于,临近onnoaccount[consideration]决不ontheeveof…在…的前夕onoccasion随时;必要时onthefaceof…从…外表上判断起onone’sownaccord自愿地,自来;字面上;可见动地onthefaceofit由此可见,明明,外onorder在定购中观上onpaper在纸上,统计上,理论上,onthegroundof以…为基础,名目上根据onprinciple根据原则onthegroundthat…基于,由于onprobation试用ontheincrease在增加[增长]中onpurpose为了(…)ontheinstant立即onpurpose故意;特意ontheleftof…在…左边onrecord留有记录的ontheleft在左方onrequest函索(即寄)onthemodelof…仿照onsale出售,上市onthemove在发展,在动着onschedule准时,按预定计划onthenail立刻957常用短语和词组ontheoccasionof…在…的时候ontheoreticalgrounds在理论根ontheonehand(插)另一方面据上ontheotherhand(插)另一方面onthisaccount因此,于是ontheoutsideof…在…外面onthisscore由于这个理由onthepartof…在…方面onthisunderstanding在这种理onthepointof(…)马上就(…)解下onthepretextof…借口,托词onthiswise如此,这样ontherightof…在…右边ontime按时,准时ontheright在右方onto(=onto)…到…上去onthesafeside安全,稳当ontop在上,居首位,开足马力onthescaleof…to…按比例尺为ontrial试用中,试验中…比…onview展示,上演中onthescoreof…由于,因为once(and)forall只此一次地,onthespot就地,现场断然onthespurofthemoment当场,onceagain再一次,又即席onceandagain屡次,再三地onthesquare成直角onceinawhile[way]有时,不时onthestage现阶段,当今地,偶尔onthestrengthof…凭借,信赖oncemore再一次onthesubjectof…关于…问题onceuponatime从前onthesuppositionthat…假定one…afteranother一个…接着一onthethresholdof…在…开头时个…onthetopof…在…顶部[上端]one…andtheother…一个…而ontheturn在转变中,在变化中另一个ontheunderstandingthat…以…为one…oranother这个或那个,某种条件;如果oneafteranother[theother]一个onthevergeof…将近,快要接着一个,相继地onthewatch注意着oneandall人人,谁都onthewayto…在去…途中oneandonly唯一的ontheway在途中oneandthesame同一个onthewayof…在…道上[过程oneanother相互中]onebyone逐一,挨个地onthewhole大体上,总的说来oneday有朝一日zymotic附录958onehundredpercent十足地,百分beingequal其他条件相同时之百otherthan…除了,不同于,而不是oneoftheseday不久outandaway非常,大大,最oneortheother总有一个outandout全然,绝对onetoone一比一,一对一outfor…追求,把…当作目标onlyafter…只是在…以后outin…远在,到…(远方)去onlybecause…只是因为outof(one’s)mind被(…)忘记onlyif…只有当…时才outof(one’s)range[depth,reach]onlyjust好容易才,刚刚才为…办所不及onlynot…简直是,几乎跟…一样outofaction失去作用,坏了onlythat…只是,要不是outofbalance不平衡open…to…对…开放,有…余地,outofcharacter不相称易受outofcomparison无可比拟openinto[on,onto]…通到outofcondition…状况不好,失去openout…打开,使…展现[膨胀]控制,不适于[不耐](…)openout展现(出来),膨胀,展开outofcontactwith…不与…接触opento[towards]…朝…开outofdate陈旧的,旧式的opentoquestion有争论outofdoors户外openup…开辟,揭开,开发outofdoubt无疑的openup涌现出outoffashion过时的,不合时宜opposedto…与…相反(相对比)outofgear混乱,发生故障oppositeto…与…正相反outofjoint脱节,杂乱orelse否则,不然的话outofkeepingwith…不相称,不orless或更少调和orotherwise或相反,或反而outoflevel不平坦,不调合orrather或者说得更正确些,甚至outofmeasure过度,过分orso大约,左右outofnecessity出于必要orthelike等等outofoperation不运转order…from向(…)订购outoforder出故障,有毛病orderoftheday议事日程,当前主outofplace不得其所,不适当要情况outofpractice荒疏otherconditions[things]beingequoutofproportionto…与…不成al(all)otherconditions[things]比例959常用短语和词组outofquestion无疑地overtheworld=theworldover世outofrepair失修界各地outofrun失效overthere在那边outofservice失效over(+数字)(…)以上outofshape走样overseethat…监督outofsight看不见owe(…)to…把(…)归功于,认为outofsquare不成直角,歪斜(…)是…力量outofstep不同步,不一致owingto…把(…)归功于,认为outofstock脱销(…)是…力量outofthecommon(run)异常,特别owingto…由于,因为outoftheordinary例外的owingtothefactthat…由于outofthequestion不可能的pack…intoabow将…装入箱中outofthesphereof…超出…范围packaboxwith…将…装箱outoftheway不成为障碍,向旁packup…包装边,离正道packedup被包装outoftime不及时,不合时宜paidattentionto被重视,受重视outoftouch不接触parexcellence卓越,突出outoftrue不正parexample例如outoftune不合调,不协调parallelto[with]…平行于outofuse无用,不合用paripassu同步,并行,以相同的速outtodanger脱险度;同时outsideof…在…外partfrom…和…分开outsidethescopeof…超出…范围partof…一部分…,…的一部分overaperiodof…在…时期内partwith…同…分离overagain再一次,重新participate[partake]in…参与,overagainst…正对着参加,分享overall全部的particularto…为…所特有overandabove…超过;在…以外pass…over…使…通过overandabove[again,over]一再,pass…through…使…通过[穿再三过]overhere在这边pass…to…把…传给[转给]overthe[a]rangeof…在…范passacross…横穿围内passalong…沿…而过zymotic附录960passaway终止,费(时间等)penetratethrough…透入,穿过passbeyond…超越penetrateto…穿透到passby…忽略,放过…(不问),从perannum每年…旁通过percapita按人口计算passby走过;(时?日)过去percent百分之(…)passfor…被认为是,冒充是performa形式上passfrom…into…从…通入,从perse本身,本来,本质上…变为permit…允许…(…)passinto…进入,变成perpendicularto…垂直于passoff排出,逸出,发生persistin…坚持;继续存在passon…把…(不断地)传递下去pertainto…附属于…,为…固有,passon继续进行,通过与…相配passonto…转到…(课题)pertinentto…与…有关的passoutof…从…中消失phaseout逐渐停止passover…越过,渡过,忽视,放pickout…挑选,拣出,辨别出,理过,传递解到passthetest试验合格pickup…拾起,选出,探听出passthrough…穿过,通过,经历piece…together综合,接合passto…转到,传到,讨论piecebypiece逐件,逐点pastdue误点,过期piecein…插入;添加patchup…修补,弥补,排解pieceon[upon]…to…把…接合pavethewayfor…为…铺平道路[补足]于…上pay(money)up付清pieceout…补足,完成payavisitto…访问,参观pileon[up]…堆积,堆叠payattentionto重视,注意pinon[upon]…钉住,扣住paydown…付现款,即时支付pinone’shopeon…把希望寄payfor…负担…费用,付…的托于代价place…in[into]…把…放入payheedto…注意placeandorderfor…订购paynoregardto…不顾placeemphasis[stress]on强调,着pay…for…花…(钱)买重于peculiarto…为…所特有;限于placein…被放入…中penetrateinto…透入,贯穿placereliance[confidence]on…信961常用短语和词组赖(…)次方placethelimitto…规定界限到practiseonamachine练习开机器playapart[role]in…在…中起precipitate…out沉淀出作用prefaceto……的序言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tobe]…被认为是reflecton(upon)…考虑,怀疑,对researchinto…调查…有坏影响resistantto…对…有抗力的,耐reflectedin…反映在…的refrainfrom…对…抑制resolve…into…分解为regard…as把…认为是resolveon[upon]…决心,决意regardedas…被认为是resortto…凭借,依赖,借助于regardlessof…不顾,不管respondto…与…相对应relate…to…使…和…有关[有联responsiblefor…有…负责,担负系]reston(upon)…依靠,根据,建立relatedto…与…有关的在…上release…from(…)从…中释放restwith…系于,在于,归于出,免除…(…)restrictedto…局限于relevantto…与…有关resultfrom…起因于,由…引起relieve(…)from[of]…使…解除resultin…导致;结果形成[免于,不受]return…to…返回到,使返回到relyon[upon]…依靠,信赖revolveround[around]…绕…转remainatrest依然静止richin…富于remainconstant保持恒定[不变]ridof[from]…摆脱remaininmotion依然运动rid…of[from]…使…除去[摆脱]remainover剩余rightalong不停地remainthat…依然是…rightaway[off,now]立即,即remainwith…最终归于[属于]rightbehind…就在…后面remind…of…使…想起rightofthecase事情的是非remove…from(…)从…移走[除rightsideup正面朝上(地)去]rightuptothepresent至今removefrom…迁移rise1000ftoutofthesea海拔一render…into…把…译成千呎renderup…放弃risetowards…升往967常用短语和词组riveton[upon]…用铆钉钉,集中runinto…流入,注入,碰上注意runlowof…快要把…用完,不rollabout滚来滚去够用rollin涌进来,滚滚而来runlow快用完,不够用rollon继续前进runoff…放出,倾出,印出rollup[out,away]…根除runoff逸出,流出roll…up卷起来runon…涉及,靠…(某种能源,动rolledinto…被轧制成力)运行roundabout四面八方,各方面,runon继续跑[流动]大约runoutof…用光,缺乏,从…跑roundnumbers整数出来roundup…使…(数字)恰好,使runout用完,溢出…成圆形runover…溢出,辗过,草草过目round(…),(数字单位)+round[复查]周长(…),周围(…)runovernight通宵运行rubdown…刷净runparallelwith…和…平行rubin…反复讲解,强调runshortof…快把…用完,缺乏ruboff…擦去runshort快用完,不够用rubup…擦亮;刷新,拌和(颜料runthrough…穿过,遍及,略阅等)runto…陷于,跑到,达到ruleofthumb经验法则runtoward…朝…跑去ruleout…消除,排除runup…使…加速运转,从…上run…into…把…注入面伸出run…onto…把…倾注在…是runupon…偶然遇到,集中精力考runacross…偶然遇到[碰到]虑runafter…追寻,寻求rustout腐蚀,锈坏runagainst…撞上,碰见safeagainst…不受…的害runahead…超过,赶过safeandsound安全无恙runbehind跑慢,(钟表)走慢safefrom…无遭受…之患runcounterto…与…背道而驰,违sailoverto…渡海去反sailuptheriver向江河上游驶行rundown…停止,使…变弱same…as…与…一样runidle(机器)空转same…that…与…一样zymotic附录968save…against…节省…以备secondto…次于…用secureagain[from]…没有…的saveandexcept除了…以外危险savefor[that]…除了…以外secureof…对…有把握,确信saveup…贮存see…through…帮助…完成,将savourof…有…气味…做到底say…to(…)对(…)说see(that)…清楚,知道sayfor…为…说话,赞同see(toit)that…设法使,务使saynothingof…更不必说seeafter…照料,探求sayupon[on]…说及seefit[good](+inf.)觉得(…)是scaledown…按比例减少适宜的scaleup…按比例增加seeif…(从句)看看是否…scarceof…缺乏seeintothefuture洞察未来scarcely…before[when]…一…seeinto察看,调查,检查就…seeout…找出scarcely…but…不…的几乎seeover…察看…(房子)没有seethelight出版,出世scarcelyany简直没有seethrough…明白,看透scarcelyever难得,几乎从不seeto…留心;照料scarcelyless几乎相等,简直一样seeingthat…鉴于,由于,考虑到scheduled[for…]预定(…)seekafter[for]…追求,搜寻scoresof…几十个,许多seemabout(…)看来就要(…)screwdown…用螺钉钉住,往下拧seemtohave(…)看来已经(…)screwin…拧入seizeupon[on]…抓紧,利用screwout…拧出seldomifnever(极)难得,绝无screwup…拧紧,往上拧仅有sealedoff[up]…密封,封闭seldomornever极难得,简直不searchafter[for]…寻找,探求select…from…从…中选择searchinto…调查selectedfrom…从…中选择出searchout…找出,搜出来的secondtime…(时间从句)第二次selectedfromamong…从…中被选…时(the)secondtime…(时择出来的间从句)第二次…时sellwell畅销969常用短语和词组send…along…沿着…发射[发setadistance设一个距离,定一个送]距离send…down…把…往下送到setahighvalueto…给予…以高send…down使…下降度重视send…for…派…去(取,请)setalimitto…对…给予限制send…to…把…送到[送去]setabout…开始,着手sendalong…急送,赶快送去setanexampleto…给…树立榜样sendfor…派人取[请]setapart…分开,保留,拨出sendforth…发出,放出shortof缺乏,不足,达不到sendon…转送,予送,随后送shutout…遮蔽,把…排除在外sendout…发出,放射出shutup…关闭,妥藏sendover…播送,发射sickof…厌恶sendup…提高,使…上升,提出sidebyside并排地sensibleof…知觉,觉察sift…from…从…中筛下来sensitiveto…对…灵敏,易接受siftout…筛出,精选sentfor…被派去取(请)similarto…类似[相似]于…的separate…from…把…和…分离,sincethen从那时以来从…中分离出sincewhen从那时以来separate…into…分离成singleout…from…从…中区分separatefrom…和…分离,从…出[选拔出]中分离出sink(v.)down沉没separatedfrom…与…隔开[分sitdown坐下离]的situatedat[on,in]位于serve…as[for]…给…作…之用sketchout…拟订serveas[for]…用作,担任,起…skimoff…撇去作用slack…away放松servethepurposeof…可充当,可用slack…off[up](停车前)降低速作度,放慢servetwoends达到两个目的;一举slipover…滑过两得slopover…泼出,溢出set…against…把…同…比较[对slow…down减慢;减速照]sloweddown(被)减慢,(被)减速setacase假定一种情况smellof…有…的气味zymotic附录970smellout…嗅出sotosay[speak]可说是smoothaway[over]…排除,解决soakin[into]…浸透smoothdown…垫平,烫平some…andothers…有的…有smooththewayfor…为…铺平的…道路somedayorother(今后)有一天smother…up窒息someday总有一天so…as[+inf.]…如此…以致somefew[little]…少许[以便](…)somekindof…某种so(also)does[do]…(指主语)也somemore再多一些是如此someof…有些…so(also)has[have]…(指主语)也someotherway用某种其他方法是如此someotherway用某种其他方法so(also)is[are]…(指主语)也是somehoworother设法,这样或那如此样地so[such]…that如此…以致[以somethingelse另一回事,另外的便]物件soad.如此,那么somethinglike…略似于soas(…)以便(…),以致(…)somethingmore此外,加之,也socalled…所谓的somethingwrongwith…有毛病sofaras…goes[isconcerned],so[不对头]faras…goes[isconcerned]就…sometimeorother送了而论somewhereabout…大约…,在…sofarasweknow就我们所知附近sofaras…sofaras…就…来说,soonafter[thereafter]不久以后在…范围内,到…的程度soon不久,很快sofarforth到如此程度sooner…than…宁可…而不sofar至今,至此soonerorlater迟早solongas…只要,假如sorrythat…很抱歉…somuchfor…关于…就说这么多sortout…拣出,分类somuchthebetter如此地,好得多,sparenoefforts[+inf.][in(…)]更好不遗余力(…)sothat…为了,以便,以致speak…to(…)给(…)讲sothen然而,因此speakabout[of]…讲到971常用短语和词组speakfor…代…辩护[表明]springup涌现,发生,跳起来speakof(…)as…把(…)说成…squareto[with]…与…成直角speakon…都…讲演square…with…与…相符[一致]speakon讲下去stampout…扑灭speaksense讲得有理stand…onend直立,竖立speakto…of[about](…)对…讲standagainst…靠在…上,抵抗,述有关(…)耐得住speaktothequestion[point]说得standalong站成一排对题standaway不接近speakvolumesfor…有力地证明standby…站在…旁边,支持,speakwellfor…证明…有效遵守speakwellof…称赞standby站在一边,待机speed…up加速standcomparisonwith…比得上,speedalong向前飞跑不亚于speed…down减速standfor…代表,支持,可用作spendout…详细说明;全部写出standgood有效,始终如一spendtimeon…在…上花费时间standinneedof…迫切需要spendup…用尽,浪费standinthewayof…妨碍spite(inspiteof…)尽管,虽然standoff[from]…远离splashedover…溅满在…上standout…坚持,熬过split…off分裂出来standout突出,出色split…up[away]分裂;分离standstill站着不动,搁置不动splitintohalves分为两半standthetest测试合格,经住考验splitthedifference平分其相差值standtoit支持,竭力主张splitupinto…分裂成standupto…经受住,对抗split…(up)into…分裂为standup站起来,经久耐用spokenof…所谈到的standupon…依赖spokenofas…被说成是standwith…和…一致,坚持spokento与之谈话的startfor…动身去spread…over…传遍,遍布,延续,startfromthebeginning从头开始覆盖startout(…)着手[企图,计划]spreadout传开,伸展开,扩大(…)spreadto…传到,波及startout开始,出发zymotic附录972startup…开动stopstill完全停顿startwith…从…着手stopup…塞住State-of-the-art,stateoftheart优stop…from(…)阻止…秀的,最好的storeup…贮存status[in]quo现状,原有情况storesof…丰富的,大量的stavein…打扁,压扁storesup…against(…)贮藏…以stavein…凿穿;凿孔备(…)staveoff…阻碍,防止,拖延straightaway[off]立刻,马上stayaway离开strangetosay[tell](插)说也奇怪stayby留在一边strangelyenough(插)不可思议stayoutof…不参与stricktlyspeaking严格地说staystill待着不动strikealight打个火step…down降低,减慢,降压strikeagainst…触上step…upto…升高到,加速到,升strikeoff…删除,砍除压到strikethrough…删去,刺穿step…up升高,加速,升压stringup…挂起,吊起stepacross…跨过stripoff…剥去stepbystep逐步地strivefor…争取,为…而努力stepfrom…基于,出于struggleagainst[with]…同…stepin进去斗争stepon…踩,踏strugglefor…为…而斗争stepout…步测studyout…研究出,想出stepout疾行subject…to…使…受[服从,从属stickfast固定于],蒙受,易受,以…为条件stickto…粘住,坚持,固守substitute(…)for…以(…)代stickupstraight竖立替的stickup突出,直立substitutedby…由…代替的still(+比较级)还要(…),更(…)substitutedfor…代替…的stillless何况(用于否定句),更少substitutedof(…)for…以(…)代stillmore况且(用于肯定句),更多替…,代替…的,由(…)制成的stirup…搅拌,激起代用品stopshortof…未到达,缺乏substitution…into…把…代入stopshort突然中止[中断]…中973常用短语和词组succeed(to)…继承,接续sumup…总结,总计succeedby…继之以superiorin…在…方面优越的succeedin(…)成功,成功地(…),superiorto…优于,胜过得以(…)superiorityof…over……对…的successfulin…在…方面成功的优越性such…as…这样…以致[以便]supply…for[to]…把…供给(…)supply…with(…)以(…)供应such…that…这样的…以至于suppose[supposing](that)…假定sucha…as(…)像(…)那样的sureenough确实,果然suchasortof…这样一种sureof[that]…肯定,确信suchas(…)(指从句)(…)的这样susceptibleof…容许有…的的人、事或物susceptibleto…对…敏感,易受suchas…达到(…)的程度,属于…的(…)这样一类的sweepalong…掠过suchasabove[below]如同上(下)sweepaway…消灭,肃清述那样sweepoff[out]…扫掉suchasitis[theyare]虽然如此sweepover…向…扩展,扫过suchbeingthecase既然这样,在这sweep…along冲走样情况下swerveawayfrom…离开,偏离suchisthecasewith……的情况也switchin…接入是如此switchoff[out]…切断[断开]电suchthat…这样以至于路,关[灯·无线电]suchthingsare这些情况是存在的switchon…使…接通,开[灯]suck…dry把…吸干switchto…转换到suckin…吸收symmetricto…对称于,和…对suckout…吸出称的suckup…吸收,吸上takemeasure采取措施sufferfrom…遭受,因…而受苦take…to…带…到sufficefor…满足…的需要take…topieces拆开(机器等)suigeneris特殊的take(the)advantageof…利用,suitableto[for]…适于…的运用suitedto[for]…适合于take…off(…)从(…)摘掉sumtotal总和take…out取出,排除,拔除zymotic附录974take…outof(…)从(…)中取出takeitthat…认为,以为[除去]takemedicine服药takeabus乘公共汽车takenote[notice]of…注意到takeacriticalview采用批判的takenotesof…做…笔记观点takenoteson…做有关…的笔记,takeadifferentview持不同观点听…记笔记[见解]takeoccasion[opportunity]抓住机takeahandat…参加会(…)takeapicture摄影,拍照takeoff起飞takearightturn往右拐takeoff…拿开,移开takeashortcut抄近路takeon…采取,呈现,承受,承办takeaviewof…观察一番takeover…接收,接办takeaccountof…考虑到takepartin…参加,参与takeaimat…以…为目标takepictures照相,摄影takeaninterestin…对…感兴趣takeplace发生,举行takeaway…减去,拿走takepossessionof…占有takecare注意,留神takeprecautionagainst…预防takecareof…照看,看管,留心takepriorityof[over]…比…占先takecarethat…留心[优先]takechargeof…负责takeriseto…起源于,发生于takedown…记下,卸下,拆毁,takeshape成形,现形降低takesidewith…赞助takeeffect见效,生效takesteps采取措施[步骤]takeexample用做榜样takestockof…估量,仔细察看takeexceptionto[against]…反对taketea喝茶takefire着火,燃烧taketheaverageof…平均计算takefood吃东西takethebearings测方位takefrom…减少,减低takethechargeof…负责管理takeheedof[to]…注意takethefloor起立发言takeholdof…抓住taketheformof…成…形takein…收进,吸收,包括,了解,对takethegaugeof…估计,衡量…加以考虑taketheinitiative发起,倡议,采取takeitastrue把它看成是真实的主动975常用短语和词组takethelead带头,领先takenasawhole整个地看来takethemeasureof…量…的尺takeninitsstead被用来代替它寸,测定;测量takenintoaccount被考虑的takethephotograph拍照takenoutof…从…中(被)取出taketheplaceof…代替,取代takingallthingstogether总起来说taketheshapeof…取[呈现]…形talkabout…谈论有关式[形状]talkdown…驳倒,向往takethesizeof…量…的大小talkon…谈论…(课题)takethesun晒太阳talkon谈下去takethetrouble竭力,费力talkover…谈论taketime花费时间talksense说得有理take…tobe…以为…是talkthematterover把事情谈清楚taketo…喜爱,开始做talkto…about[of]…向…谈到taketurns轮流,换班talk(…)into…说服(某人)…takeup…从事,占有,带[吸]上talk(…)outof…劝说(某人)放弃来;学习…take…as…把…看作talkedabout被谈到take…forgranted认为…理所当然talkwith…同…交谈的tangentto…与…相切take…for…把…当作taperaway[off]渐尖;渐渐减少take…for…example[instance]以…tasteof…有…味道为例tearout…扯下take…from(…)从(…)中减去tearup…扯;毁take…inhand承受,接办过来,担teemwith…富于,充满任下去tell…apart辨别,区别开take…intoaccount[consideration]tell…from…把…和…区别开考虑到tellon[upon]…影响到,对…taken[all]together总之有效taken[taking]onewithanother大tell…about…告诉…关于体看来tentoone十之八九,很有可能takenallinall总的说来,从大体上tendto[towards]…倾向于,趋看来向于takenas…被当作tendtoalimit趋近于一极限zymotic附录976termbyterm逐项地thefirsttime…(时间从句)第一次terraincognita未知的领域…时test…for…对…做…试验theformer…thelater前者…后者testifyabout…就…作证theinsandouts细节testifyagainst…举证说明…不对theinstant…(时间从句)一…就testifyonbehalfof(…)替(某人)thekindof……的种类作证thelike同样的东西,同类的事情testifyto…证明…thelongandshortofit概括地说thank…for(…)感谢…(…)themajorityof…大多数,大部分thanksto…由于,幸亏themakingof…成为…的基础thatbeingso因此,既然这样,由此theminute[moment](when,that)看来…(时间从句)一…就thatbeingthecase情况既然这样themoreso更是这样thatfar那么远themore,thebetter越多越好thatis(thereason)why这就是为themore…themore…越…越什么…(的原因)thenumberof……的数目thatis(插)也就是说theone…andtheother…一个…而thatisthepoint实质就在于此另一个thatistosay(插)就是说,即theotherday那天,前几天,前些thatmuch那么多日子thatsortof…那种theotherway(round)相反,相反thatwilldo行一面the(+比较级)越…越thepieceof…这张[块,台、个]theactionof…on(…)对(…)的thequantityof……的数量作用theratherthat[because]…因为…theamountof……的数值所以更加;宁可thebest[better]partof…大部分theratioof…to……和…之比thecontraryisthecase情况恰好therest其余相反thesame(…)as…像…一样的(…)thedayfollowing下一天thesame(…)that…和…相同的thefactisthat…事实是…(…)thefactthat…(大多数为同位语从thesameas[with]…和…一样句)…的事实thesameholdstruefor…这也适977常用短语和词组用于…出了毛病thesameway,(in)thesameway同theremay[might]be…可能有一条路,同样地theremustbe…一定有…thesamewayas…,(in)thesametheremusthavebeen…准已有wayas用和…一样的方法thereremains…剩有thesecondtime…(时间从句)第二thereseemstobe…似乎有次…时thereshouldbe…应该有thesheetof…这张[块、片]therestands…有,坐落着thesooner,thebetter越快越好thereusedtobe…(过去)常有thetotalnumberof……的总数[总therewas[were]goingtobe…当时额]将要有theverysame就是那一个[那一therewill[would]be…将有,些],完全相同的会有thewayout解决办法,出口thickandfast频繁地thewayto…通往…的道路thickwith…充满thewholeof…整个的thick…(数字单位)[+thick]thewrongendup底朝上(…)厚thenandnottillthen到那时才thin…down变细,使变细thereandthen当时当地,当场,thin…out减少,使稀疏即时think…about思索,考虑thereappearstobe…似乎有think…over仔细考虑,细想therecan[could]be…能有think…tobe…认为…是therecannotbe…不能有thinkfit[good,proper]认为…是thereexists…存在,有适宜的therehave[has]been…已有[存thinkhighlyof对…评价很高,在]看中thereis[are]goingtobe…将要有thinklight[little]of认为…不重要thereis[are]tobe…将会有,要有thinkmuchof…重视thereis[are]…(+地点或时间状thinknothingof…不把…放在心语)(…)有…里,轻视thereisno(+ing)不可能thinkof…企图[想]…thereisroomfor…尚有…的余地thinkof…想起,考虑thereissomethingwrongwith…thinkof…as…把…认为是zymotic附录978thinkout…想出使沉淀thinkover…考虑throwin…插入,注入thinkso是这样想的throwoff…断开,摆脱,抛弃thinkthrough…想透throwout…投出;发出thinkup…想起,想出throwover…放弃,舍弃thinkwellof…对…评价好throw…back反射,阻止thirstafter[for]…渴望,追求throw…by废弃thisdaymonth上月今天,下月thrownaway被扔掉今天thrownout被扔出的thisisnotthecase情况不是这样的thrust…aside推开thiskindof…这种thusfar至此,至今thisyear今年thusmuch只此,就这么多;到此this[that,these,those]same…该,为止前述的tideover…克服,渡过thoseones那些人物(代替前面复tidyup…收拾,整理数名词)tieup…绑,包装,联合thoughtofas…被认为…tilt…over倾斜thoughtout被想出timeaftertime反复,一次又一次thousandandone无数的timeandagain反复,多次thousandsof好几千,成千上万timetospare剩余时间thousandsuponthousandsof…成timesas…as(…)是(…)的…倍千上万tip…over倒翻,倾斜,倒出throughtheagencyof…借助于to(one’s)knowledge据(…)所知throughthemediumof…通过,以to(one’s)puzzlement使(…)费解…为媒介的是throughwith…结束to(one’s)surprise令(…)惊奇throw[a]lighton帮助说明,阐明的是throw…about撒to[in]excess过度,过量地throw…at(…)向(…)投去…to…placesofdecimals到小数…位throw…up往上抛,吐出,辞去to…significantfigures有效数字为throwaway…抛弃,浪费toa…degree[extent]在…程度上throwdoubton…对…表示怀疑toacertainextent在一定程度上throwdown…扔下,拆毁,摔倒,toafirstapproximation大致上,相979常用短语和词组当近似地tosaynothingof…(插)更不必说toameasure有点,有几分tosaytheleastofit(插)至少可这toascaleof…to…按…比…的样说比例tosomeextent[degree]在某种程toadvantage有利,便利度上toallappearance显然tostartwith首先,第一toallintentsandpurposes实际上,tosuchanextentthat…到如此程无论从哪点看度以至于,甚至于toandfro往复,来回tosumup(插)总括起来说tobeexact精确地说totakeanexample例如,举个例说tobemoreexact[precise](插)更精totellthetruth(插)老实说确地说totheamountof…数达tobeshort简言之tothecontrary相反tobespecific明确地讲tothedisadvantageof…对…不利tobesure固然,无疑totheeffectthat…大意是说tobeginwith首先,第一totheend[last]到底,至终tocutthemattershort(插)简言之totheendthat…为了,以便todate至今totheexclusionof把…除外tofulladvantage完全地,充分地tothefull充分地,彻底地tomakealongstoryshort简而言之tothegood作为余数,有余tomeasure照尺寸,合调子tothelastdegree达到极点tonoavail无用totheletter不折不扣地,严格地tonoeffect无效tothenthpower到n次方tonoend无益tothepoint中肯,扼要tonopurpose无结果tothepointof[that]到…程度toourknowledge据我们所知[看tothepresent至今来]tothepurpose得到领地,中肯toperfection完全tothequestion适当,切题地topieces变成碎块tothesameeffect大意相同toputitbriefly概括地说,简言之totheutmost极度,极端toputitinanotherway换种说法tothis[that]effect用这[那]个意tosay[speak]thetruth(插)老思,为此[那]目的实说tothisend为此目的zymotic附录980towit即,就是travelover…越过togetherwith…和…一起,同时travelthrough…穿过tone…down变柔和,使柔和treat…as…把…当作…来处理tone…up提高,加强[来对待]total全体的,总括的treat…with(…)用(…)处理[对touchon[upon]…谈到,论及待]traceout…描出…轮廓,探索出…treatof[upon]论述踪迹trendawayfrom…倾向于摆脱trace…backto…把…追溯到trendtoward(s)…倾向于tradebrand商品牌子trueof[for]…对…说是正确[成trademark商标立]的transfer…into[to]把…转化为[传truetonature逼真递到,转化到]tryanexperimenton[in,with]…transform…into…把…变成[改造做…实验成]tryeverymeans用各种手段transform…to…把…变到[改造到]tryfor…图谋;致力于transformedfrom…into…由…tryone’sbest[hardest]尽全力[被]变为(…)transformedinto…被变成[被改造tryone’shandat在(…)中试身手,成]试行(…)translate…wordforword逐字tryout…试验出,彻底检查翻译tumbledown倒塌translatedinto(…)被译成(英语tumblein…把…镶进去等),被转换为(…)tune…off(无线电)中断transmit…to…把…传到[送到]tunein…(无线电等)调准,调谐transmit…onawave-lengthof以…tuneinon[to]拨…(电视等),拨波长发射到[收听]…(地名)transmittedoveralongdistance输tuneout…使…失谐送到非常远的距离turn…into…变成,使变成[译成]transmittedto…被送到[传输到]turn…insideout把…翻过来,里…的朝外翻travelalong…沿着…传播[走动]turn…upsidedown颠倒,把…翻traveloutto…向外传播到过来;倒置981常用短语和词组turn…awayfrom…使…离开利用turn…from…to…把…由…转变turntotheright向右拐为…turntowards…转向…,朝向…turn…round使…旋转[转向]turnup向上弯,发生,出现turn…toprofit利用turnup…拧大,使…向上弯,卷turnaconner拐弯起;翻turnanewleaf[page]翻开新的turn…aside使…转开一页turn…toadvantage有效地利用,turnabout转方向,转来转去把…转为有利条件turnagainst…转向反对turnedinto…被转为turnaround[round]旋转turnedon被闭合,被扭开turnasidefrom…偏离…撇开…twiceayear一年两次(不谈)twobytwo两个两个地turnback折回under…circumstances在…情况下turndown…翻,折,驳回undercertainconditions在一定条turnoff…断开,关闭[阀门,电钮件下等]underconsideration在考虑之中的turnon…接通,扭开(阀门,电钮underconstruction在建设中等),以…为转移,视…而定undercorrection待纠正turnout…出去…,原来是…undercoverof…在…掩护下turnout(tobe)…结果弄清楚是underdevelopment正在研制[发…,原来是…展]中turnout…生产,关闭,培养出underdiscussion在讨论中turnover…翻,翻转,倾覆underexamination在考查中turnright向右拐弯underinvestigation在研究中turnrightround转一整圈underlikeconditions在同样条件下turnround[around]绕…旋转undernoaccount决不turnthebalance[scale]in[one’s]undernocircumstances在任何情况favour使…占上风,改变平衡下都不[对比,比例]使有利于undernormalconditions在标准情turnto…变成,转向,着手况下turnto…forhelp求助于underobservation在观察中turnto…[good]account[好好地]underopensky露天zymotic附录982underordinarypressure在常压下unitedasone团结一心underpretextof…在…借口下unitedwith…同…化合[结合]underproperconditions在适当条unmindfulof…不关心件下untilnow迄今underrepair在修理中untilquiterecently直到最近underreview在考虑中,在研究中untilthen直到那时understudy在研究中unworthyof…不值得undertest在试验中upagainst…面临,遭遇undertheactionof…在…的作upanddown上上下下,来回,四处用下upin…通晓,熟知undertheauspicesof…由…主办upto…达到,归…负责,足以应付undertheconditionof…在…条uptodate最新的,现代化的件下uptonow到现在为止underthecontrolof…在…控制uptostandard合乎标准下,受…支配uptothemark符合要求undertheguidanceof…在…指uptothismoment[time]至今引下uptotime准时undertheheadof…属于…类别upto[the]present[time]直到现在[项目]upuntil[till]直到undertheinfluenceof…在…影upwith…拥护响下uponnoterms决不undertheleadershipof…在…领uponthat[this]于是,因此,立即导下uponthepointof…就要underthemicroscope在显微镜下uponthewhole总之,大体上undertheoperatingrules根据操作upon[on]conditionthat…在…条规程件下undertheprotection[shelter,wing]upsidedown颠倒of…在…保护下upwardsof……以上的underway在进行中,在航行中urgealong推进understoodas被理解为use…as…把…作…用unfamiliarwith…不熟悉…use…for…使用…以供unite…in…把…化合[结合]成useup…用尽,耗尽unite…with…同…化合[结合]usedas…用做983常用短语和词组usedfor…被用来…wash…away冲洗掉…usedin…用于wash…off[out]洗掉,冲去usedto…习惯于wash…off(…)把(…)上的…洗掉usedup(被)消耗掉washdown…冲洗,冲洗下去valuableto[for]…对…有价值的washwell耐洗vanishfromsight消失不见watchfor…(留意)等待,注视,vanishidentically恒等于零提防vary(directly)with[as]…与…成watchout…注意正比watchover…看守,保护varydirectlyproportionalto…和wayin[out]入口[出口,办法]…成正比wayto…通往…的道路varyfrom…to(…)变动于…和webelieve我们确信,我们认为(…)之间,从…到(…)不等wearandtear耗损;磨损varyfromunittounit各不相同wearaway磨损,(时间)渐渐过去varyin…在…方面有变化weardown…磨薄,磨低varyinverselyas[with]…和…成wearoff磨掉,(渐)消逝,变小反比wearout用坏,用旧varywith[as]…随着…而变化wearthrough逐渐消耗或减少,veerroundto…向…转变方向用坏veryfewof…中间几乎没有…wearwell耐用,耐磨verymuch十分weed…out除去,淘汰viceversa反过来weighdown过重,重压videinfra见下,见后weighlight称量轻,不重videsupra见上,见前weighout称出分量,量出visavis对面,相对wellabove[over]大大超过[高于]visualize…as…把…看作wellafter…在…以后很久voidof…没有[缺乏]…的wellalongindevelopment在良好发volumesof…大量的展中waitfor…等…wellknown众所周知的,著名的walkinto…走进wellnigh几乎,很接近walkup…向…走去,上…(如城welloff富裕的等)wellover…远远超过warmup变热wellspaced彼此相隔适宜zymotic附录984whatabout…对于…怎么说呢whichistosay也就是说whatelse还有什么whoelse还有谁whatever究竟什么willnotdofor…当作…用不行whathasbeensaidabove以上所说wind…on[upon]…把…缠在的话…上whatif…如果(…)windup…上(钟表),卷扰,缠绕,whatis…about…是关于什么内结束容的wipeaway[off]…擦掉,抹掉whatis…like…怎样wipeout…擦去,扫除,消灭whatiscalled[named,termed]…with(great)confidence[很]有把所谓的…握地;安心地whatismore而且,再者witha[the]viewof[to]以…为whatismoreimportant(插)更重要目的,为…起见,意在…的是withaglanceto…考虑到whatisthatfor那是为什么withalargeexcessof…带有过量whatisthematterwith……怎的…么了witharise[anincrease]oftemper-whatisthesamething同样的是ature随着温度上升[增高]whatkindof…哪种[的]…withaspeedof…以…速度whatthough…即使…又何妨withadvantage有利地,有效地whatwith…,andwhatwith(…)withcare小心地,仔细地一则由于…再则由于(…)withconstantspeed以恒速[等速,whatyou[we]call[name,term]…匀速]所谓的…withdueregardfor…适当考虑到whateverhappens不管发生什么事withease容易地whatevermayhappen不管可能发witheffect有效地生什么事withequalease同样容易地whateverthereasonbe不论什么withgreatfacility极其容易地,非理由常熟悉地whenitcomesto…就…而论withgreatinterest抱有很大兴趣whennecessary必要时withgreatviolence强烈地wherevernecessary凡是必要的withleapsandbounds飞速地,很快地方地985常用短语和词组withmightandmain竭尽全力,因此拼命withuse由于经常使用,随着不断withnodifficulty轻易地地使用withoneaccord一致地withvigour朝气蓬勃地withone’sheartandsoul全神贯注within(one’s)grasp在(某人)力所withone’swholeheart全心全意地能及的范围内withreason有理由的within(one’s)knowledge在(某人)withreferenceto…关于,至于,所能了解范围内参考withinadistanceof…在…距withregard[relation]to…关于,离内对于,在…方面withinexperimentalerror不超过实withreserve有保留地验误差范围withrespectto…关于,对于withinhearing在听得到的距离内withsafety安全地withinlimits适度地,在某极限范withsomecaution慎重,留心围内withsuccess成功地withintheaccuracyof…在…精确withthat于是,因此,除非,假使度范围内withtheexceptionof[that]除…withintheboundsofpossibility在外(其余都)可能范围内withthehelp[aid,use]of…借助withinthelimitsof…在…极限范于…围内withtheincreaseof…随着…的增withintheprovinceof…在…界限加[领域]内withtheintention[object,purpose]withintherangeof…在…范围[射of…打算,以…为目的程]内withthepurposethat…为的是,为withinthescopeof…在…范畴内,了…在…范围内withtheresultthat…结果就,从而without(any)exception毫无例外withthespeedof…以…的速度withoutabreak无间断withtheunderstandingthat…以withoutahitch无障碍地,顺利地…为条件,条件是…,如果…withoutavail无益,无效withtheuseof…借助于withoutcompare[comparison]无withthisendinview为此目的,比的[地]zymotic附录986withoutconsideration不予考虑workat…从事于(学习、工作、研withoutcontrol不受控制[约束]究等)withoutcontroversy无可争辩的workatamachine操作一台机器[地]workfor…为…而工作,为…withoutdegree无限尽力withoutdelay立即,毫不延迟地workinthreeshifts分三班工作,三withoutdifficulty轻易地班倒withoutdoors户外workinwith和…协调[配合]withoutdoubt毫无疑问workon[away]继续工作,继续withouteffect无效努力withoutend无穷,永久workon[upon]…影响,对…发withoutequal无可比拟生作用,靠…工作withoutexample空前的workout…制订,作出,算出,解withoutfail必定,无误地决,尽量开采withoutintention无意地workoutat[to]…被算出是,计为withoutlimit[bound]无限workup…详情地研究,详细制订withoutlossofgenerality不失一出;给…加工,整理…(使之完般性善),汇集,引起,激起,逐步建立withoutnumber无数(起),使…兴奋withoutprice极其贵重的workwell执行顺利,适用,工作[操withoutquestion毫无问题作]好withoutrecourseof…不依靠workwith…同…一起劳动[工withoutreferenceto…不管,不论作],对…行得通[奏效,起作用]withoutregardfor[to]…不顾,不wornout[被]磨损,筋疲力尽考虑worth(one’s)while值得withoutreserve无保留地worthyof…值得…的withoutsomuchas甚至连…也不,worthyofnote值得注意的竟未…wouldrather…than(…)宁愿…withoutsuccess不成功,失败而不愿(…)wordforword逐字地wouldlike愿意,想work…upinto…以…制造,把wouldsooner…than(…)与其…整理成(…)倒不如…workagainst…妨碍,反抗wring…out绞出[拧出]…(水等)987常用短语和词组wringoff…扭断年不断write(…)…给(…)写…(信等)yearnfor[towards]…渴望writeabout…写关于…yesornot不论是与否writedown…记下,写下yet(+比较级)还要(…),更(…)writefor…写信订购,替…(报刊)yieldfromone’sdemand在要求方撰稿面让步writeinEnglish用英语写yieldto…听从于,让步于,受到…writeoff…取消,勾销作用[影响],陷入…(某种状态)writeup…揭示,详细写yieldup…放弃,让出writtenout[被]写出来zealousfor…热望,切望yearafter[by]year一年一年地zealousin…热心于yearinandyearout一年到头,年zymotic附录988AppendixⅣStatisticalVocabulary附录Ⅳ统计学词汇abridgedlifetable简略寿命表accelerationnormal法向加速度abruptcurve陡度曲线accelerationspacedimension加速abscissan.横坐标度空间的维数~axis横坐标轴,X轴accelerationprofile加速度分布图absencerate缺勤率accelerationtangential切向加速度absolutebioavailability绝对生物利accelerationvector加速度向量用度acceptablehypothesis可接受假设absolutecalibrationcurvemethod绝acceptablelimit可接受的限度,容对校准曲线法许界限absolutecounting绝对计数acceptableprecision容许精度absolutedetectionlimit绝对检测acceptablequalitylevel验收质量限度标准absolutedeviation绝对偏差accidenterror偶然误差,随机误差absolutemagnitude绝对量accidentvariation偶然变异absolutemeasurement绝对测定,绝accumulatedfrequency累积频数对测量accumulationcurve累积曲线absoluteerror绝对误差accumulationgradient累积梯度absolutenumber绝对数accumulativesurvivalrate累计生存absoluteresiduals绝对残差率absolutevalue绝对值accuracytest准确度测验acceleratedreaction加速反应(种activelifeexpectancylife(ALE)活痘)动期望寿命accelerationarray加速度立体阵activelength有效长度accelerationfactor加速因子activescanningtime有效扫描时间accelerationinanarbitrarydirec-activitycoefficient活性系数,活度tion任意方向上的加速度系数989统计学词汇activitydecaycurve放射性衰变agespecificprobabilityofdying年曲线龄组死亡概率activityindex活性指数,活度指数agestructure年龄构成activityprofile活性谱agespecificdeathrate(ASDR)年龄actualagreementbeyondchance实别死亡率际一致性agespecificfertilityrate(ASFR)年actualefficiency实际效率龄别生育率actualfrequency实际频数age-sexcomposition年龄性别构成actualmortality实际死亡率age-sexdistribution年龄性别分布actualtime实[际]时[间]age-sexstructure年龄性别结构actuarialanalysis保险统计分析agespecificattackrate年龄别(分actuarialmethod保险统计方法组)发病率adaptiveestimator自适应估计量agespecificbirthrate年龄别(分组)adaptivenorm适应范围,适应规范出生率additionn.相加agespecificdeathrate年龄别(分additiontheorem加法定理组)死亡率additivefunction加性函数agespecificmortalityrate年龄别additivevariance加性方差(分组)死亡率adjustedagreement校正一致性agestandardizeddeathrate年龄标adjusteddeathrate调整死亡率,标准死亡率准化死亡率aggregate-value总值,累计值adjusteddeterminant校正确定系数aggregativetable综合表adjustedmeans校正均数agreementofchance机遇一致性adjustedoddsratio调整优势比alterabilityn.可变性adjustedrate调整率alternativehypothesis备择假设adjustedrateofoccurrence校正发alternativetest交替测验生率alternativevariation交替变异,对adjustedvalue校正值立变异admissibleerror容许误差amonggroups组间admissiblevariation容许变差analogcomputation模拟计算admissionrate住院率analoginformation模拟信息advancedstatisticalanalysispro-analogintegration模拟积分gram高级统计分析程序analogprocessing模拟处理zymotic附录990analysisofcorrelation相关分析arithmeticmean算术均数analysisofcovariance协方差分析arithmeticweightedmean加权算术analysisofdata资料分析均数analysisofmultiplecovariance多元Arrheniusrelation艾恩尼斯关系协方差分析assessingfit拟合的评估analysisofregression回归分析associativelaws结合律analysisoftimeseries时间序列assumedmean假定均数分析asymmetricdistribution非对称analysisofvariance(ANOVA)方差分布分析asymmetrycoefficient偏度系数analysisset数据集asymptoticbias渐近偏倚analyticepidemiology分析流行asymptoticefficiency渐近效率病学asymptoticerror渐近误差analyticerror分析误差asymptoticmethod渐近法analytichierarchyprocess层次分析asymptoticvariance渐近方差法attributablerisk归因危险度angulardependence角相关attributedata属性资料angulartransformation角转换attributiveclassification属性分类annualinfectionrate(AIR)年感autocorrelationanalysis自相关分析染率autocorrelationcoefficient自相关analysisofvariance(ANOVA)方差系数分析autocorrelationfunction自相关ANOVAModels方差分析模型函数arcsinesquareroottransformationautocorrelationofresiduals残差的平方根反正弦变换自相关arcsinetransformation反正弦变换averageconfidenceintervallengthareaunderthecurve曲线面积平均置信区间长度arealarea分布区averagedeviation平均差arealsampling分布区取样averagedose平均量arithlogpaper算术对数纸averageerror平均误差arithmeticandlogicunit计算与逻averagegrowthrate平均增长率辑单位averagelife平均寿命arithmeticgridpaper算术格纸averagespeedofdevelopment平均991统计学词汇发展速度bivariatecorrelate二变量相关averagespeedofincrease平均增长bivariatenormaldistribution二变速度量正态分布averagestay平均住院时间bivariatenormalpopulation二变量averagevector均数向量正态总体backwardstepwise后退逐步回归法bivariateregressionmodel二元回归balanceselection平衡选择模型balancedallocation均衡分配biweightinterval双权区间barchart直条图、条图biweightM-estimator双权M估bargraph条图计量basepeak基峰blindexperiment盲法试验baseperiod基期blindmethod盲法batchdataprocessing成批数据blockdesign区组设计处理blockdiagram方框图,示意图batchmethod成批处理法blocksize区组大小batchoperation分批操作boxplot箱图batchsampling分批取样boxplots箱线图/箱尾图Bayes’theory,Bayes定理breakdownbound崩溃界/崩溃点bell-shapedcurve钟形曲线breakingofblindness破盲Bernoullidistribution伯努力分布calibrationchart校准表best-trimestimator最好切尾估calibrationcurve校准曲线计量calibrationmark校准标记biasederror有偏误差canonicalcorrelation典型相关biasedestimate有偏估计canonicaldiscriminant典则判别biasedstatistic有偏统计canonicalsequence正规序列biassedsample偏性样本carryovereffect延滞作用binarydata二分类资料casecharting记录表格binarylogisticregression二元逻辑casedetection病例检测回归casefatality某病病死率binomialcorrelation二项相关casefatalityrate(orcasemortality)binomialdistribution二项分布病死率bioequivalence生物等效性caseinvestigation病案调查biometricalvariable生物统计变量caserate患病率zymotic附录992casecontrolstudy病例对照研究Detector卡方自动交互检测categoricalvariable分类变量chancecause偶然原因catenarycurve悬链曲线chancecoincidence偶然符合catenarymodel悬链模型chancedistribution随机分布Cauchydistribution柯西分布chanceerror随机误差causalanalysis因果分析chanceprobability机遇概率causalassociation因果联系chancevariable随机变量causalhypothesis因果假设chancevariation随机变异causalrelation因果关系characteristiccurve特征曲线causeeliminatedlifetable去死因寿characteristicequation特征方程命表characteristicfunction特征函数causeandeffectrelationship因果关characteristicroot特征根系characteristicvector特征向量causespecificdeathrate(CSDR)死Chebshevcriterionoffit拟合的切因别死亡率比雪夫准则censoreddata截尾数据Chernofffaces切尔诺夫脸谱图censusmethod普查方法childmortalityrate(CMR)儿童死censusofpopulation人员普查,人亡率群调查chilldmortalityunderage5,5岁以censusstatisticmethod人口调查统下儿童死亡率计法Chi-sguare(χ2)test卡方检验censustract人员普查统计区域Chi-squaredistributionχ2分布census-takingregistratioregostra-Chi-squaretest卡方检验/χ2检验tion人员普查登记Choleskeydecomposition乔洛斯基centerofdistribution分布中心分解centerofdiversity变异中心circlechart圆图centerofsymmetry对称中心classinterval组距centeringandscaling中心化和定标classlimit组限centraldogma中心法则classmid-value组中值centrallimittheory中心极限定理classrange组段centraltendency集中趋势classsymbol类号centralvalue中心值classtitle类目CHAIDχ2AutomaticInteractionclassupperlimit组上限993统计学词汇classvalue组值coefficientofgrowth生长系数classwidth组距coefficientofinjury损害系数classificationofdiseases疾病分类coefficientofgrossdependencyratioclassificationstatistic分类统计总负担系数classifiedvariable分类变量coefficientofkurtosis峰度系数clinicaldata临床资料coefficientofmultiplecorrelationclinicaldiagnosis临床诊断多重相关系数clinicaleffectiveness临床结果coefficientofnetcorrelation净相关clinicalequivalence临床等效性系数clinicalevaluation临床评价coefficientofolderdependencyratioclinicalfeature临床特征老年负担系数clinicalgrouping临床分组coefficientofolderratio老年人口clinicaltrial临床试验系数clusteranalysis聚类分析coefficientofpartialcorrelation偏clustersampling整群抽样相关系数clusteringanalysis聚类分析coefficientofproduct-momentcor-codeddata编码数据relation积差相关系数codedprogram编码程序coefficientofrankcorrelation等级coefficientcorrelation相关系数相关系数coefficientofaccuracy准确度系数coefficientofregression回归系数coefficientofchilddependencyratiocoefficientofskewness偏度系数少儿负担系数coefficientofvariation(CV)变异系coefficientofchildratio少儿人口数系数cohortanalysis队列分析coefficientofcontingency列联系数cohortlifetable定群(队列)寿命表coefficientofcorrelation相关系数cohortstudy队列研究coefficientofdetermination确定系coincidencecoefficient符合系数数,决定系数coincidencecorrection符合校正coefficientofdifferentiation分化系collectionofdata收集资料数,变异系数columneffect列效应coefficientofdistribution分配系数columnfactor列因素coefficientofefficiency有效系数combinationpool合并coefficientoffrequency频率系数combinationtest组合测验zymotic附录994combinationweight组合权重completelyrandomdesign完全随机combinativetable组合表设计combinedselection组合选择completelyrandomizeddesign完全combinedstandarddeviation合并标随机化设计准差complianceandnoncompliance依从combinedvariance(orpooledvari-和非依从ance)合并方差compositeevents复合事件commonfactor共性因子compositevariable复合指标commonregressioncoefficient公共compositionofpopulation人口构成回归系数conditionalconstant条件常数commonvalue共同值conditionalerror条件误差commonvariance公共方差conditionalexpectation条件期望commonvariation公共变异conditionallikelihood条件似然communality公共度,共性方差conditionallogisticregression条件communalityvariance共性方差logistic回归communityanalysis社区分析conditionalmean条件均数communitydiagnosis社会调查分析conditionalprobability条件概率communityinterventiontrial社区conditionallylinear依条件线性干预试验conditionedconnection条件联系comparativeevaluation对比评价confidencebound置信界限comparativemeasurement比较测量confidenceinterval(CI)可信[置comparisonofbathes批比较信]区间comparisonvalue比较值confidencelevel可信度(置信度)compartmentmodel分部模型confidencelimit(CL)可信[置complementofanevent补事件信]限completeassociation完全正相关confidencelowerlimit置信下限completecorrelation完全相关confidenceregion置信区域completedata完全数据confidenceupperlimit置信上限completedissociation完全不相关confirmatoryfactoranalysis验证性completelifetable完全寿命表因子分析completestatistics完备统计量confirmatoryresearch证实性实验completesurvey全面调查研究completelycorrelation完全相关confoundingbias混杂性偏倚995统计学词汇confoundingfactor混杂因素convenientcriteria实用标准consistencycheck一致性检验conventionalanalysis常规分析consistentasymptoticallynormales-conventionalcriteria常规标准timate相合渐近正态估计conventionaldepth常规深度consistentestimate相合估计conventionaltherapy常规疗法consistentstatistic一致的统计量coordinatenumber配位数constantconnection固定联系coordinatesystem坐标系constantquantity恒量,常数correctamount正确总量constantstandarddesign常规标准correctdose正确剂量设计correctname正确名称constantterm常数项correctorder正序constituentratio构成比,结构相correctedfactor校正因子对数correctedmean校正均值constrainednonlinearregression受correctioncoefficient校正系数约束非线性回归correctionforcontinuity连续性contaminateddistribution污染分布校正contaminatedGausssian污染高斯correctionforgrouping归组校正分布correctionformula校正公式contaminatednormaldistribution污correctionindex校正指数染正态分布correctionnumber校正数contaminationmodel污染模型correctiontable校正表contingencycoefficient列联系数correctionvalue校正值contingencytable列联表correlationanalysis相关分析continuousrandomvariable连续型correlationcoefficient相关系数(符随机变量号为r)contraceptiveprevalence避孕现correlationcoefficientmatrix相关用率系数矩阵contributionrate贡献率correlationequation相关方程controlgroup对照组correlationfactor相关因子controlledclinicaltrial临床对照correlationfunction相关函数实验correlationindex相关指数controlledexperiments对照实验correlationstudy相关调查controllingelement控制因素correlationtable相关表zymotic附录996correlationchange相关变化布函数correspondingpoint对应点cumulativeerror累计[积]误差correspondingstate对应状态cumulativefrequencies累计频数correspondingvariability相应变cumulativefrequency累计[积]异性频率countdata计数资料cumulativefunction累积函数countrange计数范围cumulativeprobability累计概率covariancematrix协方差矩阵cumulativeprobabilityofsurvivalcovariation协同变异累积生存概率CoxregressionCox回归cumulativequantityofincrease累criteriaforfitting拟合准则计增长量criteriaofleastsquares最小二乘准cumulativetime总时间,累计时间则curerate治愈率criticalratio临界比currentlifetable现时寿命表criticalregion拒绝域curvechart曲线图criticalvalue临界值curvefitting曲线拟合crosscalibration相互校正curvilinearcorrelation曲线相关crosscorrelation交互相关curvilinearequation曲线方程crosscurve交叉曲线curvilinearregression曲线回归crossvalidation交叉核实法curvilinearrelation曲线关系crosscheckanalysis对照分析cut-and-trymethod尝试法crosscorrelation交互相关DtestD检验crossoverdesign交叉设计dataacquisition资料收集crossovertrial交叉试验dataanalysis资料分析crosssectionanalysis横断面分析databank数据库crosssectionsurvey横断面调查datacapacity数据容量crosssectionalstudy横断面研究,datacleaning数据净化横向研究datacollection收集资料crosstabulationtable复合表datadeficiencies数据缺乏crudebirthrate(CBR)粗出生率datadistribution数据分布cuberoot立方根dataformat数据格式cubicregression三次回归datahandling数据处理cumulativedistributionfunction分datamanipulation数据处理997统计学词汇dataprocessing整理资料、数据deviationfromrandomness随机性处理偏差datarecording数据记录deviationfromthemean离均差datareduction数据缩减diagnoseaccordancerate诊断符datasheet数据表格合率dataset数据集diagnose-relatedgroups诊断相关datasources数据来源分组datatransformation数据变换diagnosticplot诊断图datavalidity数据有效性diagnostictest诊断试验datain数据输入dichotomousdata二分类资料dataout数据输出dichotomousvariable二分变量deadtime停滞期differenceequation差分方程deathpopulation人口死亡differencewithinsignificance差别deathstatistics死亡统计不显著degreeofaccuracy精确度differencewithsignificance差别degreeofconfidence可信度,置显著信度differentialequation微分方程degreeofdeviation自由度directstandardization直接标准degreeofdispersion离散程度化法degreeoffreedom自由度disabilityadjustedlifeyears残疾调degreeofprecision精密度整生命年degreeofreliability可靠性程度discreterandomvariable离散型随degreeofvariation变异度机变量densityfunction密度函数discretevariable离散变量densityofdatapoints数据点的discriminantanalysis判别分析密度discriminantcoefficient判别系数dependentvariable因变量discriminantfunction判别值derivativematrix导数矩阵diseasesurveillance疾病监测derivative-freemethods无导数方法dispersiontendency离中趋势designeffect设计效率disproportionatesub-classnumbersdesignofexperiment实验设计不成比例次级组含量deviationfromaverage离均差distributionfree分布无关性/免deviationfromsum离均差积和分布zymotic附录998distributionfunction分布函数effectivetime有效时间distributionshape分布形状effectiveutilization有效利用度distributionfreemethod任意分eigenfunction特征函数布法empiricalassumption经验假定distributionfreetest任意分布检验empiricalconstant经验常数distributivelaws分配律empiricaldata经验数据disturbance随机扰动项empiricaldistribution经验分布doseresponsecurve剂量反应曲线empiricalequation经验方程doubleblind双盲empiricalfitting经验拟合doubleblindmethod双盲法empiricalprobability经验概率doubleblindtrial双盲试验empiricalprobit经验概率单位doubledummy双盲双模拟empiricalROCcurve经验ROCdoublecontrast双重对比曲线doubleexponentialdistribution双指endpointevent终点事件数分布enumerationdata计数资料doublelogarithmic双对数equalsunclassnumber相等次级组downwardrank降序含量dual-spaceplot对偶空间图equalvariance方差齐dummytreatment假处理,假治疗equallylikely可能相等dummyvariable虚潜变量,哑变量equationoflinearregression线性回Duncan’snewmultiplerangeme-归方程thod新复极差法,Duncan新法equimolardose等克分子剂量dynamicseries动态数列equivalenteffect同等作用dynamicstudy动态研究,动态检查errorcontrol误差控制ecologicalstudy生态学研究errorcorrecting误差校正effectsize效应大小errordetermination误差测定effectivedose有效剂量errordistribution误差分布effectivelength有效长度errorestimate误差估计effectivemortalityrate实际死亡率errorinreading读数误差effectivepopulation有效群体errorlimit误差极限effectiverate有效率errorofallocation分配误差effectivestandarddeviation有效标errorofdiagnosis诊断误差准偏差errorofestimate估计量的误差999统计学词汇errorofmeansquare均方(误)差expectationplane期望平面errorofobservation观察误差expectationsurface期望曲面errorofregression回归误差expectederror预期误差errorofreplication重复误差expectedvalues期望值erroroftypeⅠ第一类误差,假阳experimentcondition实验条件性误差experimentdesign实验设计erroroftypeⅡ第二类误差,假阴experimenterror实验误差性误差experimentstudy实验性研究errorrange误差范围experimentunit实验单位errorvariance误差变量experimentalanimal实验动物errorproof误差检验experimentaldata实验数据estimateequation估计方程experimentaleffect实验效应estimateoferror误差的估计量experimentalevidence实验证据estimatevalue估计值experimentalfacility实验装置estimatederrormeansquares估计experimentalgroup实验组误差均方experimentalsampling试验抽样estimatederrorsumofsquares估计experimentalunit试验单位误差平方和explainedvariance解释方差estimatedmedian估计的中位数explanatoryvariable解释(说明)estimationoferror误差的估计变量estimationofparameter参数的exploratorydataanalysis探索性数估计据分析Euclideandistance欧式距离exploresummarize探索-摘要evaluationgrade评价等级exponentialcurve指数曲线evaluationmethod求值法exponentialdistribution指数分布evaluationmodel评价模型exponentialfunction指数函数evaluationtest评价试验exponentialgrowth指数式增长exactprobabilitiesinfourfoldtableextendedfit扩充拟合四格表的确切概率法extensivesampling扩充抽样exceptionaldatapoint异常数据点extensivesurvey普查exclusioncriteria排除标准extraparameter附加参数expectationlife期望寿命,平均extrapolation外推法寿命extremeobservation末端观测值zymotic附录1000extremevalue极值firstprincipalcomponent第一主FdistributionF分布成分FtestF检验firstquartile第一四分位数factoranalysis因子分析Fisherinformation费雪信息量factorloading因子载荷Fisherprobabilitiesin2×2table四factorpattern因子载荷矩阵格表的Fisher确切概率factorscore因子得分fittedvalue拟合值factorialanalysis析因分析fittingacurve曲线拟合factorialdesign析因试验设计fixedbase定基factorialmethod析因法fixedpoint定点failureevent失效事件fluctuation随机起伏failuretime失效时间followupstudy随访研究falsenegative假阴性forwardstepwise前进逐步回归法falsenegativeerror假阴性误差fourfoldtable四格表falsenegativereaction假阴性反应fractionblow左侧比率falsepositiveerror假阳性误差fractionalerror相对误差falsepositivereaction假阳性反应frequencydistribution频率分布familyconstellation家系frequencydistributiontable频率分familycounseling家庭咨询布表familyofdistributions分布族frequencyfunction频率函数familyofestimators估计量族frequencyhistogram频率直方图familyplanningrate计划生育率frequencypolygon频数多边图fatalityrate病死率frequencyspectrogram频谱图fielderror场误差frontierpoint界限点fieldinvestigation现场调查fullanalysisset全分析集fieldnutritionsurvey现场营养调查functionrelationship泛函关系fieldobsearvation现场观察gainfactor增益因子finitedifference有限差(分法)Gammadistribution伽马分布finitepopulation有限总体Gaussincrement高斯增量finitepopulationcorrection有限总Gaussiancurve高斯曲线,正态分布体校正数曲线finitesample有限样本Gaussiandistribution高斯分布/正firstderivative一阶导数态分布1001统计学词汇Gaussianequation高斯方程gradientofdeterminant行列式的Gaussianmanner高斯方式,正态分梯度布方式Graeco-Latinsquare希腊拉丁方Gauss-Newtonincrement高斯—牛grandmean总均值顿增量grandtotal总计,总数generalaverage平均值grosserrors过失误差generalcensus全面普查grossreproductionrate大体再生generaldeathrate普通死亡率育率generalfertilityrate(GFR)总生grosserrorsensitivity大错敏感度育率groupaverages分组平均generallayout总体设计groupeddata分组资料generalmean总平均guessedaverage推测平均值generalvariance一般变量guessedmean假定平均数generalizedcoefficientofdetermina-halflife半衰期tion广义决定系数halfperiod半衰期generalizedfunction广义函数halftime半衰期generalizedlimit广义极限halftetradanalysis半四联体分析GENLOG(Generalizedlinermod-HampelMestimators汉佩尔M估els)广义线性模型计量geometricmean几何均数harmoniccorrelation调和相关geometricstandarddeviation几何harmonicmean调和均数标准差hazardfunction风险函数geometricalerror几何误差hazardrate风险率Gini’smeandifference基尼均差heavytaileddistribution重尾分布GL(Generallinermodels)通用线Hessianarray海森立体阵性模型heterogeneityofvariance方差不齐GoodClinicalPractice(GCP)药品hierarchicalclassification组内分组临床试验管理规范hierarchicalclusteringanalysis系统goodnessoffit拟和优度/配合度聚类goodnessoffittest拟合优度检验hierarchicalclusteringmethod系统gradientanalysis梯度分析聚类法gradientcurve梯度曲线hierarchicalpopulation阶层群体gradienttest阶度试验hierarchicalresponsefunction谱系zymotic附录1002响应函数indexofvariability变异指数highleveragepoint高杠杆率点indirectstandardization间接标准HILOGLINEAR多维列联表的层化法次对数线性模型individualdifference个体差异historicalcohortstudy历史性队列individualerror个体误差研究individualvariation个体变异HOMALS多重响应分析inducedabortionrate人工流产率homogeneityofvariance方差齐性inexactdata不准确数据homogeneitytest齐性检验infantmortalityrate(IMR)婴儿死homogeneitytestofvariances方差亡率齐性检验infectionrate感染率homologouspairmethod同型配inferenceband推断带对法inferenceofimmediate直接推理HuberMestimators休伯M估计量inferenceofmediate间接推理hypothesistest假设检验inferiorlimit下限hypothesisundertest(tobetested)infinitepopulation无限总体检验假设infinitelygreat无穷大hypotheticaluniverse假设总体infinitelysmall无穷小impossibleevent不可能事件influencecurve影响曲线improvementrate好转率,改善率influentialfactor影响因素incidencecoefficient关联系数informationcapacity信息容量incidencerate(IR)发病率informedconsent知情同意inclusioncriteria纳入标准initialcondition初始条件inclusivefitness总括适合度initialdata原始数据incoherence不连贯,不相干initialestimate初始估计值incompleteblocks不完全区组initialform原始类型incompletedata不完全数据initiallevel最初水平incompletesurvey非全面调检inspectionofdata检查资料independentphenomena非依赖instantaneousvalue瞬时值,即时值现象intentiontotreat意向性分析independentvariable自变量interactioneffect相互作用indeterminateerror未定误差interactionprocess相互作用过程indexerror指标误差/指数误差interactiontime相互作用时间1003统计学词汇interactionterms交互作用项junctionsequence交接序列interactionvariance互作变量Kmeansmethod逐步聚类法InternationalClassificationofDis-Kaplan-Meier卡普兰-迈耶(评估事eases(ICD)国际疾病和死因件的时间长度)分类Kaplan-Merierchart卡普兰-迈interpolationmethod内插法耶图inter-quartilerange四分位数间距Kaplan-Meriercurve卡普兰-迈耶intervalestimation区间估计曲线intervalsofequalprobability等概Kaplan-Meriersurvivalrate卡普兰率区间-迈耶存活曲线intraclasscorrelationcoefficientKendall’srankcorrelationKendall(ICC)组内相关系数等级相关intrinsiccurvature固有曲率Kolmogorov-Smirnovetest柯尔莫inversecorrelation负相关哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验inverselogarithm反对数KruskalandWallistestKruskal及inversematrix逆矩阵Wallis检验/多样本的秩和检inversemethod反推法验/H检验inverseoperation逆运算kurtosiscoefficient峰度系数inverseprobability逆概率lackoffit失拟inversesampling逆抽样ladderofpowers幂阶梯inversesinetransformation反正弦lagcurve滞后曲线变换lagperiod延迟期invertcorrelation逆相关lagphase延迟期isotopicratio同位素比lagtime滞后时间jackknife刀切法largesample大样本Jacobiandeterminant雅可比行largesampletest大样本检验列式Latinsquare拉丁方jointdistribution联合分布Latinsquaredesign拉丁方设计jointdistributionfunction分布函数Latinsquaretest拉丁方检验jointprobability联合概率leasteffectivedose最小有效剂量jointprobabilitydistribution联合leastfataldose最小致死剂量概率分布leastfavorableconfiguration最不利junctionpoint连接点构形zymotic附录1004leastfavorabledistribution最不利寿命分布lifeexpectancyfreeofdisabilityleastsignificantdifference最小显(LEFD)无残疾期望寿命著差数lifestyle生活方式leastsquare最小二乘(法)lifetable寿命表leastsquareequations最小二乘方lifetablemethod生命表法程式lifetoxicitytest终生毒性试验leastsquaremethod最小平方法,最life-timefertilityrat(LTFR)终生小二乘法生育率leastabsoluteresidualsestimates最light-taileddistribution轻尾分布小绝对残差估计likelihoodfunction似然函数leastabsoluteresidualsfit最小绝对likelihoodratio似然比残差拟合likelihoodratiotest似然比检验leastabsoluteresidualsline最小绝linegraph线图对残差线lineintegral线积分leastsquareanalysis最小二乘法lineofbestfit最适线分析lineofregression回归线left-rightasymmetry左右不对称linearchart线图left-skeweddistribution左偏态分布linearcorrelation直线相关leptokurticdistribution尖峭态分布linearcorrelationcoefficient线性相L-estimatorL估计量关系数L-estimatoroflocation位置L估lineardependence线性相关计量linearequation线性方程L-estimatorofscale尺度L估计量linearfunction线性函数levelofatest检验水准linearpositivecorrelation线性正levelofconfidence可信度相关levelofsignificance显著性水平linearprogramming线性规划levelprofile水平直线轮廓linearrange线性范围lifecondition生活条件linearregression线性回归lifecurve生命曲线linearregressionequation直线回归lifecycle生活周期方程lifeexpectancy预期寿命lineartrend线性趋势lifeexpectancyatbirth平均预期linearrelationship线性关系1005统计学词汇linkrelative环比losstofollowup失访locationandscaleequivariance位置lostfunction损失函数尺度同变性lostoffollowup失访locationequivariance位置同变性lowcorrelation低度相关locationinvariance位置不变性lowerlimit下限locationscalefamily位置尺度族lowestattainedvariance最小可达logranktest时序检验方差LSD最小显著差法的简称logarithmtransformation对数变换lurkingvariable潜在变量logarithmiccurve对数曲线Mahalanobisdistance马氏距离logarithmicdistribution对数分布maineffect主效应logarithmicdose对数剂量mainpeak主峰logarithmicnormaldistribution对mainpiece主段数正态分布majorheading主要目标logarithmicscale对数尺度majorquadrate大样方logarithmictransformation对数majorrecipe大剂量方变换marginaldensityfunction边缘密度logicalarray逻辑阵列函数logiccheck逻辑检查marginalprobability边缘概率logicalequation逻辑控制,逻辑marginalprobabilitydistribution边判定缘概率分布logisticdistribution逻辑斯特分布matchedcontrol配对对照logisticarray逻辑方程matcheddata配对资料logisticarray逻辑函数matcheddistribution匹配过分布LogittransformationLogit转换matchedpairdesign配对设计LOGLINEAR多维列联表通用matchedseries配对病例组模型matchingofdistribution分布的log-linerplot对数-直线座表图匹配log-meanaverage均值平均数的matchingoftransformation变换的对数匹配log-normaldistribution对数正态maternalmortalityrate(MMR)孕分布产死亡率longitudinalinvestigation纵向调查mathematicalexpectation数学期望longitudinalstudy纵向研究mathematicalmodel数学模型zymotic附录1006mathematicalstatistics数理统计measurementbias测量偏倚(学)measurementdata计量资料maximum(Max)最大值measurementerrors测量误差maximumL-estimator极大极小Lmeasurementmethod测量法估计量measurementrange测量范围maximumlikelihoodestimatemeasuresofcentraltendency集中(MLE)最大似然估计趋势指标maximumlikelihoodmethod最大似measuresofdispersion离散趋势然法指标maximumlikelihoodratiotest似然measuresoflocation位置度量指标比检验measuresofvariation变异度量maximumvalue极大值指标meandiviation离均差,平均偏差medianeffectivedose半数效量meanlengthofgeneration(LG)平medianlethaldose(LD50)半数致均世代年数死量meanlengthoflife平均寿命medianlethaltime半数致死时间meanlethaldose平均致死量medianpolish中位数平滑meanofpopulation总体均数mediansurvivalrate中位生存率,meansquare(MS)均方,方差半数生存率meansquaredeviation均方差mediansurvivaltime中位生存期,meansquareerror均方误差半数生存期meansquareregression均方回归mediantest中位数检验meansquareroot均方根medicalcheckup体格检查meansquarevalue均方值medicaldemography医学人口统meansquaresbetweengroups组间计学均方medicalfollowup医学随访meansquareswithingroup组内medicalhistory病历,病史均方medicalreferencerange医学参考meansurvivaltime平均生存时间值范围meanvalue平均值medicalstatistics医学统计学meanvariance均方,方差mesokurtosis正态峰means(Comparemeans)均值-均值methodofanalogy类推法比较methodofapproximation近似法1007统计学词汇methodofequivalentgroup等组法modelingstatistics模型统计methodofgrouping分组法modelsforoutliers离群值模型methodofleastsquares最小平方modifyingthemodel模型的修正法,最小乘法modulusofcontinuity连续性模数methodoflimit极限法monitoringdata监测数据methodofmoment矩法morbiditystatistics疾病统计methodofpercentiles百分位数法mortalityprobability死亡概率methodofequivalentgroup随机抽mostfavorableconfiguration最有样法利构形mid-valueofclass组中值multi-centern.多中心minimalsufficientstatistic最小充multicollinearity多重共线性分统计量multidimensionalscaling(ASCAL)minimumdistanceestimation最小多维尺度/多维标度距离估计multinomiallogisticregression多项minimumeffectivedose最小有效量逻辑斯蒂回归minimumerrormethod最小误差法multiplecomparison多重比较minimumfataldose(MFD)最小致multiplecorrelation复相关死量multiplecorrelationcoefficient复相minimumlethaldose最小致死量关系数minimummortality最小死亡率multiplecovariance多元协方差minimumvalue极小值multiplelinearregression多元线性minimumvariance最小方差回归minimumvarianceestimator最小multipleresponse多重选项方差估计量multiplesolutions多解MINITAB统计软件包multiplicationtheorem乘法定理minorcriteria次要标准multiresponse多元响应minorheading宾词目标multi-stagesampling多阶段抽样missingdata缺失值multivariatedata多变量数据modalclass众数组multivariateTdistribution多元Tmodalmethod模态法分布modeofaction作用方式mutualexclusive互不相容modeofoperation运行方式mutualindependence互相独立modelspecification模型的确定nationalcensus全国人口普查zymotic附录1008naturalboundary自然边界nonconstancyofvariability变异的naturalcure自愈非定常性naturaldeath自然死亡nonlethaldose非致死剂量naturalincreaseofpopulation人口nonlinearcorrelation非线性相关自然增长nonlinearregression非线性相关naturalincreaserate(NIR)自然增nonlinearsystem非线性系统长率nonlinearweight非线性加权naturallogarithm自然对数nonparametricstatisticaltest非参naturalorder自然顺序数统计试验naturalzero自然零nonparametricstatistics非参数统negativecorrelation负相关计学negativelinearcorrelation负线性相nonparametrictest非参数性检验关non-4proportionalallocation非等negativepredictivevalue阴性预比例分配测值normalcorrelation正态相关negativeskewness负偏度normalcurve正态曲线negativelyskewed负偏normalcurveofdistribution正态分negativeskeweddistribution负偏态布曲线分布normaldeviate正态离差neonatalmortalityrate(NMR)新生normaldistribution正态分布儿死亡率normalequations正规方程组netreproductionrate净再生育率normalkurtosis正态峰Newman-Keulsmethodq检验normalmeanvalue正常均值nocorrelation无相关normalpopulation正态总体nostatisticalsignificance无统计normalprobabilitycurve正态概率意义曲线nomenclatureofdiseases疾病的normalrange正常范围命名normalvalue正常值nominaldata名义资料normalitytest正态性检验nominalmass名义质量nuisanceanalysis公害分析nominalscale名义尺度nuisanceparameter多余参数/讨厌nominalvalue名义值参数nomogram计算图,数据分类图nullhypothesis无效假设,检验1009统计学词汇假设opensequentialtrial开放型序贯numberofdegreeoffreedom自由设计度数optimumallocation最优分配numberofdying死亡人数optimumfittingmethod最佳拟numberofsamples样本数合法numberofsurvivalperson-year生optimummatching最佳匹配存人年数optimumsubsetsregression最优子numberofsurvivors尚存人数集回归numberofvariates变量数optrimefficiency优切尾效率numberationdata计数资料orderstatistic顺序统计量numericaldata数据,资料orderedcategories有序分类numericalfault数值误差ordinalclusteringmethods有序样numericalvariable数值变量品聚类objectivefunction目标函数ordinaldata等级资料,有序资料objectiverecord客观记录ordinallogisticregression序数逻辑objectivesample客观样本斯蒂回归objectivesampling客观采样ordinalnumber秩号,序数observationerror观察误差ordinalvariable有序变量observationunit观察单位orthogonalbasis正交基observationalvariance观察方差orthogonalcoefficients正交系数observationalstudy观察性研究orthogonaldesign正交设计observedagreement观察一致性orthogonalexperimentdesign正交observedunit观察单位试验设计observedvalue观察值orthogonalityconditions正交性oddsn.优势(比数)条件~ratio(OR)优势比ORTHOPLAN正交设计onesample/groupt-test单样本t检outliercutoffs离群值截断点验overallsurvey全面调查onesidedtest单侧检验overallview全图one-tailedprobability单尾概率overlappingn.重叠,交错one-tailedtest单尾检验OVERALS多组变量的非线性正规one-wayANOVA单因素方差分析相关openlabel非盲overshootn.迭代过度,超射zymotic附录1010pairedcomparison配对比较~curves百分位曲线pairedcontrol配对对照perfectcorrelation完全相关paireddesign配对设计perfectnegativecorrelation完全负pairedsample配对样本相关paired(matched)ttest配对t检验perfectpositivecorrelation完全正pairingdata配对资料相关pairsstudy配对调查perinatalmortalityrate(PMR)围pairwiseslopes成对斜率产儿死亡率paralleltests平行试验permutationtest排列测验parameterestimation参数估计PestimatorP估计量parameterfreestatistics非参数piechart圆形图统计piediagram圆图parametricstatistics参数统计piegraph饼图parametrictest参数检验Pitmanestimator皮特曼估计量partialcorrelation偏相关planarassumption平面的假设partiallikelihood偏似然函数PLANCARDS生成试验的计划卡partiallikelihoodfunction部分似planningofsurvey调查计划然函数pointestimation点估计partialregression偏回归,净回归Poissondistribution泊松分布partialregressioncoefficient偏回归polledstandarddeviation合并标系数准差partialsorting偏排序polledvariance合并方差partialsresiduals偏残差polynomialcurve多项式曲线pearsoncorrelationcoefficientPea-populationagedistribution人口年rson相关系数龄分布pearsoncurves皮尔逊曲线populationattributablerisk人群归perprotocolset符合方案集因危险度percentbarchart百分条图populationcomposition人口组成percentbargraph百分条形图populationdistribution人口分布,percenterror百分误差总体分布percentagebarchart百分构成条图populationlife人口寿命percentagerecovery百分回收率populationmean总体均数percentilen.百分位数populationplot人口地区图1011统计学词汇populationrate总体率priorprobability先验概率populationstatistics人口统计probabilisticmodel概率模型populationsize人口总数probabilitydensity概率密度populationstructure人口结构probabilitydensityfunction概率密populationvariance总体方差度函数positivecorrelation正相关probabilitydistribution概率分布positivepredictivevalue阳性预probabilityerror偶然误差测值probabilityfunction概率函数positiveskewness正偏态probabilitygraph概率图positivelyskewed正偏probabilityoferror误差概率positiveskeweddistribution正偏态probableerror概率误差分布probablepositive可疑阳性posteriordistribution后验分布productmethod乘积法potentialagreementbeyondchanceproductmoment乘积矩/协方差非机遇一致性productlimitmethod乘积限法potentialyearsoflifelost(PYLL)profileanalysis轮廓分析潜在寿命损失年profilecurve分布曲线powerfunction幂函数profileplot轮廓图powerofatest检验效能profiletrace截面迹图powerofstatistics统计效能prognosticscore预后指数(得分)poweroftest把握度proportionofincidence疾病构成比predictedvalue预测值proportionallocationinstratifiedpreliminaryanalysis预备性分析randomsampling按比例分层随premeasure-postmeasuredesign前机抽样后测量设计proportionofdyingofaspecificprevalencerate(PR)患病率cause死因构成比prevalencerateofdeformity残疾患proportionofmortalityrate(PMR)病率死因构成比prevalencestudy流行调查proportionalallocation等比例分配prevalencesurvey现患调查proportionalhazards比例风险principalcomponentsanalysis主成proportionatesubclassnumbers成分分析比例次级组含量priordistribution先验分布proportionproportionplot/P-Pzymotic附录1012plot频率-频率图randomerror随机误差prospectivestudy前瞻性调查randomevent随机事件prospectivesurvey前瞻调查randomexperiment随机试验pseudoFtest近似F检验randomnumber随机数pseudomodel近似模型randomnumberstable随机数目表pseudorandomnumber伪随机数randomorder实验/顺序的随机pseudosigma伪标准差randomphenomena随机现象publichealthstatistics卫生统计学randomsample随机样本purposivesampling有目的抽样randomsampling随机抽样PvalueP值randomvariable随机变量QRdecompositionQR分解randomizedallocation随机分配quadraticapproximation二次近似randomizedblocks随机区组,随机qualitativeadj.定性的~assay单位组adj.定性分析randomizedblockdesign随机区组qualitativeclassification属性分类设计qualitativedata计数资料,定性randomizedblocksanalysisofvari-资料ance随机单位组方差分析qualitativeevaluation定性评价randomizedcontroltrial随机对照qualitativemethod定性方法试验qualitycontrol质量控制randomizeddoubleblindcontroltri-quantile-quantileplot/Q-Qplot分al随机双盲对照试验位数-分位数图/Q-Q图rangeofnormalvalues正常值范围quantitativeanalysis定量分析rankcorrelation等级相关quantitativedata计量资料rankcorrelationcoefficient等级相quantitativeevaluation定量评价关系数quantityofincrease增长量rankcorrelationindex秩次相关quartilerange四分位间距指标radixsort基数排序rankofcause-specificdeathrate死randomallocation随机化分组因顺位randomblocking随机区组ranksumtest秩和检验randomblocksdesign随机区组ranktest秩检验设计rankeddata等级资料randomdigits随机数字ranksumtest秩和检验1013统计学词汇ratingscale量表relativeratio比较相对数ratioofoldertochild老少比relativeratiowithfixedbase定基比rawdata原始资料relativeratiowithvariedbase动rawresidual原始残差基比Rayleigh’stest雷氏检验relativerisk(RR)相对危险度Rayleigh’sZvalue雷氏Z值remaindererror剩余误差recallbias回忆偏倚reparametrization重新设置参数reciprocaln.倒数,交互repeatability可重复性~cross互交;~difference倒数差repeatedcontrastsmatrix重复测量分;~transformation倒数变换对比矩阵reciprocityn.可逆性repeatedmeasure重复测量reciprocitylaw反比定律repeatedmeasurementdata重复测recordofpopulation人口登记量资料recordingn.记录repeatedmeasurementdesign重复recoveryrate治愈率测量设计rectificationn.直线化replacementlevel更替水平redescendingestimators回降估计量reportofdiseases疾病报告reducedcorrelationmatrix约相关reportsummaries报告摘要矩阵residualanalysis残差分析reducingdimensions降维residualplot残差图re-expression重新表达residualstandarddeviation剩余标referenceset标准组准差referencevalue参考值residualsumofsquares剩余平方和regionofacceptance接受域resistantline耐抗线regressionanalysis回归分析resistanttechnique耐抗技术regressioncoefficient回归系数responsiblevariables反应变量regressionequation回归方程R-estimatoroflocation位置R估计regressionsumofsquares回归平量方和R-estimatorofscale尺度R估计量rejectionpoint拒绝点retrospectivestudy回顾性调查研究relativedispersion相对离散度retrospectivesurvey回顾调查relativenumber相对数ridgetrace岭迹zymotic附录1014RiditanalysisRidit分析samplingpoint抽样点Riditvalue参照单位值samplingproportion抽样比例rightskeweddistribution右偏态samplingratio抽样比例分布samplingstatistics样本统计量riskratio危险比samplingstudy抽样研究roweffects行效应samplingsurvey抽样调查rowfactor行因素SAS(statisticalanalysissystem)runinperiod准备期SAS统计软件包RXCtableRXC表scatterdiagram散点图safetyset安全性评价数据集scatterplot散点图sampleaverage样本均数scheduleofsurvey调查表sampleregressioncoefficient样本回scheduletable调查表归系数schematicplot示意图/简图samplesetup样本编排Schwarzcriterion(SC)准则samplesize样本量scoretest计分检验samplesizeestimate样本量估算screening筛检samplestandarddeviation样本标准seasonanalysis季节分析差secondderivative二阶导数samplesurvey样本调查,抽样调查secondprincipalcomponent第二主sampletreatment样品处理成分samplevalue样本值selectionbias选择性偏倚sampleddata样本数据structuralequationmodeling(SEM)sampling抽样结构化方程模型samplingbias抽样偏差semi-quartilerange四分位数间距samplingdistribution抽样分布semi-logarithmicchart半对数图samplingerror抽样误差semi-logarithmicgraph半对数图samplingfraction抽样比semi-logarithmiclinegraph半对数samplingframe抽样框架线图samplingframelist抽样框架清单semi-logarithmicpaper半对数格纸samplinginspection抽样检查semi-measurementdata半计量资料samplingmethod抽样法sensitivity灵敏度samplingoflots分批抽样sensitivitycurve敏感度曲线1015统计学词汇sequence序列,次序sizeofatest检验水准sequentialanalysis序列分析sizeofsample样本含量sequentialdataset序列数据集skeweddistribution偏斜分布sequentialdesign序列设计slantdistribution斜线分布sequentialmethod序列法Smirnovtest斯米尔诺夫检验sequentialtest序列测试sortingdata整理资料serialtests系列试验sortingtable整理表sexratio性比例sourcesofvariation变异来源shortcutmethod简捷法Spearmanrankcorrelation斯皮尔sigmoidcurveS形曲线曼等级相关signfunction正负号函数specialistscoredmethod专家评signtest符号检验分法signedrank符号秩specificfactor特殊因子significancen.显著性意义specificfactorvariance特殊因子significancelevel显著性水平方差significancetest显著性检验speedofdevelopment发展速度significantdifference差别显著speedofincrease增长速度significantfigure有效数字sphericaldistribution球型正态similaritycoefficient相似性系数分布simpleclustersampling简单整群抽statisticalpackageforthesocialsci-样ence(SPSS)SPSS统计软件包simplecorrelation简单相关spuriouscorrelation假性相关simplelinearregression简单直线回squaredeviation方差归,简单线性回归squareroottransformation平方根simplerandomsampling简单随机变换抽样stabilizingvariance稳定方差simpleregression简单回归standarddeviation(SD)标准差simpletable简单表standarderror(SE)标准误sineestimator正弦估计量standarderrorofdifference差别的singleblind单盲标准误singlevaluedestimate单值估计standarderrorofestimate标准估计singularmatrix奇异矩阵误差zymotic附录1016standarderrorofmean(SEM)均数statisticalseries统计数列标准误statisticalsignificance统计学意义standarderrorofrate率的标准误statisticalsurvey统计方法standardmortalityratio标准化死statisticaltable统计表亡比statisticaltest统计检验standardnormaldistribution标准statisticaltreatment统计处理正态分布statisticaluniverse统计总体standardizationmethod标准化法steepestdescent最速下降法standardizedrate标化率stemandleafdisplay茎叶图standardizednormaldistribution标stepfactor步长因子准正态分布stepwiseregression逐步回归standardizedpartialregressioncoef-stepwiseselection逐步筛选ficient标准化偏回归系数stochasticanalysis随机分析standardizedrate标准化率stochasticvariable随机变量startingvalue起始值stratifiedclustersampling分层整群statisticn.统计量抽样statisticalanalysis统计分析stratifiedrandomization分层随statisticalassociation统计学联系机化statisticalchart统计图stratifiedsampling分层抽样statisticalcheck统计检查structuralrelationship结构关系statisticalcontrol统计控制studentizedresidual学生化残差/tstatisticaldescription统计描述化残差statisticalerror统计误差studyfactor处理因素statisticalgraph统计图sub-classnumbers次级组含量statisticalinference统计推断sufficientstatistic充分统计量statisticalinference统计归纳sumofproducts积和statisticalmap统计图sumofranks秩和statisticalmethod统计方法sumofsquare平方和statisticalmodel统计模型sumofsquaresaboutregression回statisticalparameter统计参数归平方和statisticalpopulation统计学群体sumofsquaresbetweengroups组间statisticalprecision统计精度平方和1017统计学词汇sumofsquaresofdeviationfromTaylorseries泰勒级数mean离均差平方和t-distributiont分布sumofsquaresofmeandeviation离tendencyofdispersion离散趋势均差平方和testofnormality正态性检验sumofsquaresofpartialregressiontestofonesided单侧检验偏回归平方和testofonetailed单尾检验superiorlimit上限testofsignificance显著性检验sureevent必然事件testoftwosided双侧检验surveyofpopulation人口抽样调查testoftwotailed双尾检验survivalanalysis生存分析teststatistic检验统计量survivalcurve生存曲线testingofhypotheses假设检验survivalprobability生存概率theoreticalfrequency理论频数survivalrate生存率theoreticalnumber理论数survivaltime生存时间timeseries时间序列suspendedrootgram悬吊根图toleranceinterval容忍区间symmetricdistribution对称分布tolerancelowerlimit容忍下限syntheticindex综合指数toleranceupperlimit容忍上限syntheticevaluation综合评价totalfertilityrate总和生育率syntheticscoredmethod综合评分法totalnumberofsurvivalperson-systematicerror系统误差years生存总人年数systematicsampling系统抽样totalsumofsquare总平方和systemsanalysismethod系统分totalvariation总变异析法transformationn.转换systemsflowchart系统流程图treatphase处理期systemssimulation系统模拟treatmentn.处理systemssoftware系统软件treatmentfactor处理因素tabulationmethod划记法treatmentofdate数据处理tailarea尾部面积trendofpercentage百分比趋势taillength尾长trialanderrormethod试错法tailweight尾重tripleblindmethod三盲法tangentline切线t-testt检验targetdistribution目标分布tuningconstant细调常数zymotic附录1018twosidedtest双向检验uniformdistribution均匀分布twofactoranalysisofvariance双因uniformlyminimumvarianceunbiased素方差分析estimate方差一致最小无偏估计twosample/groupt-test两独立样univariateANOVA单变量方差分析本f检验/成组t检验unorderedcategories无序分类twosidedtest双侧检验upperlimit上限twostageleastsquares二阶最小平方upwardrank升秩twostagesampling二阶段抽样vagueconcept模糊概念twotailtest双尾检验variancecomponentestimationtwotailedprobability双尾概率(VARCOMP)方差元素估计twotailedtest双侧检验varianceanalysis方差分析twowayanalysisofvariance双因素variancecomponents方差分量方差分析varianceratio方差比twowayANOVA两因素方差分析variationcoefficient变异系数twowaytable双向表varimaxorthogonalrotation方差最typeIerror一类错误/α错误大正交旋转typeIIerror二类错误/β错误velocityofdevelopment发展速度typicalsurvey典型调查velocityofincrease增长速度utestu检验volumeofdistribution分布容积UMVU方差一致最小无偏估计WtestW检验简称WaldtestWald检验unbiasedestimate无偏估计washoutperiod洗脱期unconditionallogisticregression非Weibulldistribution威布尔分布条件logistic回归weightedChi-squaretest加权卡方unconstrainednonlinearregression检验/Cochran检验无约束非线性回归weightedlinearregressionmethodunderestimaten.低估加权直线回归underlyingdeathcause基本死因weightedmean加权平均数unequalsubclassnumber不等次级weightedmeansquare加权平均组含量方差ungroupeddata不分组资料weightedsumofsquare加权平方和uniformcoordinate均匀坐标weightingcoefficient权重系数1019统计学词汇weightingmethod加权法符号秩检验W-estimationW估计量wildpoint野点/狂点W-estimationoflocation位置W估wildvalue野值/狂值计量winsorizedmean缩尾均值Wilcoxonpairedtest威斯康星配对Youden’sindex尤登指数法/配对符号秩和检验zerocorrelation零相关Wilcoxonranksumtest威斯康星z-testz检验秩和检验z-transformationz变换Wilcoxonsignedranktest威斯康星zymotic附录1020AppendixⅤCountriesandRegions附录Ⅴ世界主要国家和地区概况亚洲(Asia)国家/地区(Country/Region)首都/首府官方语言简称(ShortForm)全称(FullName)(Capital)(OfficialLanguage)阿富汗伊斯兰共和国阿富汗TheIslamicRepublic喀布尔达里语DariPersianAfghanistanofAfghanistanKabul普什图语Pashto阿联酋阿拉伯联合酋长国UnitedArabTheUnitedArab阿布扎比阿拉伯语EmiratesEmiratesAbuDhabiArabic阿曼苏丹国阿曼OmanTheSultanateof马斯喀特阿拉伯语OmanMuscatArabic阿塞拜疆共和国阿塞拜疆TheRepublicof巴库Baku阿塞拜疆语AzerbaijanAzerbaijanAzerbaijani巴基斯坦伊斯兰共和国英语English巴基斯坦TheIslamicRepublic伊斯兰堡国语为乌尔都PakistanofPakistanIslamabad语Urdu巴勒斯坦国巴勒斯坦TheStateof耶路撒冷通用阿拉伯语PalestinePalestineJerusalemArabic巴林王国巴林TheKingdomof麦纳麦阿拉伯语BahrainBahrainManamaArabic不丹王国不丹TheKingdomof廷布不丹语“宗卡”BhutanBhutanThimphuDzongkha*根据中国地图出版社2012年出版的《世界地图集》整理。

1021世界主要国家和地区概况(续表)朝鲜民主主义人民共和国朝鲜TheDemocratic平壤通用朝鲜语NorthKoreaPeople’sRepublicPyongyangKoreanofKorea东帝汶民主共和国德顿语Tatum东帝汶TheDemocraticRepu-帝力葡萄牙语EastTimorblicofTimor-LesteDiliPortugese印度尼西亚共和国印度尼西亚TheRepublicof雅加达印尼语IndonesiaIndonesiaJakartaBahasaIndonesia菲律宾共和国英语English菲律宾TheRepublicof马尼拉国语为菲律宾语PhilippinesPhilippinesManilaPilipino格鲁吉亚格鲁吉亚第比利斯格鲁吉亚语GeorgiaGeorgiaTbilisiGeorgian哈萨克斯坦共和国哈萨克斯坦TheRepublicof阿斯塔纳哈萨克语KazakhstanKazakhstanAstanaKazakh大韩民国韩国TheRepublicof首尔通用韩国语SouthKoreaKoreaSeoulKorean国语为吉尔吉斯语吉尔吉斯斯坦吉尔吉斯共和国比什凯克(Kyrgyz),官方语KyrgyzstantheKyrgyzRepublicBishkek言为俄语(Russian)柬埔寨王国高棉语Khmer柬埔寨TheKingdomof金边英语EnglishCambodiaCambodiaPhnomPenh法语French卡塔尔卡塔尔国多哈阿拉伯语QatarTheStateofQatarDohaArabiczymotic附录1022(续表)科威特科威特国科威特城阿拉伯语KuwaitTheStateofKuwaitKuwaitCityArabic老挝人民民主共和国老挝TheLaoPeople’s万象通用老挝语LaosDemocraticRepublicVientianeLao黎巴嫩共和国黎巴嫩TheRepublicof贝鲁特阿拉伯语ArabicLebanonLebanonBeirut马尔代夫共和国马尔代夫TheRepublicof马累迪维希语MaldivesMaldivesMaleDhivehi马来西亚马来西亚吉隆坡国语为马来语MalayMalaysiaMalaysiaKualaLumpur通用英语English主要语言为喀尔喀蒙古蒙古国乌兰巴托蒙古语KhalkhaMongoliaTheStateofMongoliaUlanBatorMongolian孟加拉人民共和国英语English孟加拉国ThePeople’sRepublic达卡国语为孟加拉BangladeshofBangladeshDhaka语Bengali缅甸联邦缅甸TheUnionof内比都缅语MyanmarMyanmarNaypyitawBurmese尼泊尔联邦民主共和国尼泊尔FederalDemocratic加德满都国语为尼泊尔语NepalRepublicofNepalKathmanduNapali日本日本国东京通用日语JapanJapanTokyoJapanese沙特阿拉伯王国沙特阿拉伯TheKingdomof利雅得阿拉伯语SaudiArabiaSaudiArabiaErRiyadArabic1023世界主要国家和地区概况(续表)主要语言为希腊语塞浦路斯塞浦路斯共和国尼科西亚(Greek)、CyprusTheRepublicofNicosia土耳其语(Turkish),Cyprus通用英语(English)斯里兰卡民主社会斯里兰卡主义共和国The科伦坡僧伽罗语SinghaleseSriLankaDemocraticSocialistColombo泰米尔语TamilRepublicofSriLanka塔吉克斯坦共和国塔吉克斯坦TheRepublicof杜尚别国语为塔吉克语TajikistanTajikistanDushanbeTajik泰王国泰国TheKingdomof曼谷国语为泰语ThailandThailandBangkokThai土耳其共和国土耳其TheRepublicof安卡拉国语为土耳其语TurkeyTurdeyAnkaraTurkish国语为土库曼语土库曼斯坦土库曼斯坦阿什哈巴德(Turkmen),通用TurkmenistanTurkmenistanAchhabad俄语(Russian)文莱达鲁萨兰国斯里巴加湾市国语为马来语文莱TheStateofBruneiBandarSeri(Malay),通用BruneiDarussalamBegawan英语(English)乌兹别克斯坦共和国官方语方为乌兹别乌兹别克斯坦TheRepublicof塔什干克语(Uzbek),通UzbekistanUzbekistanTashkent用俄语(Russian)国语为马来语(Malay),官方语言为华语新加坡共和国(Chinese)、新加坡TheRepublicof新加坡英语(English)、SingaporeSingaporeSingapore泰米尔语(Tamil)、马来语(Malay),行政用语为英语(English)zymotic附录1024(续表)国语为阿拉伯语叙利亚阿拉伯叙利亚共和国大马士革(Arabic),通用英语SyriaTheSyrianArabDamascus(English)和法语Republic(French)亚美尼亚共和国亚美尼亚TheRepublicof埃里温亚美尼亚语ArmeniaArmeniaYerevanArmenian也门也门共和国萨那阿拉伯语YemenTheRepublicofYemenSanaaArabic伊拉克伊拉克共和国巴格达阿拉伯语IraqTheRepublicofIraqBaghdodArabic伊朗伊斯兰共和国伊朗TheIslamicRepublic德黑兰波斯语IranofIranTeheranPersian(Farsi)特拉维夫以色列以色列国TelAviv希伯来语HebrewIsraelTheStateofIsrael(有争议)阿拉伯语Arabic印度共和国印度TheRepublicof新德里印地语HindiIndiaIndiaNewDelhi英语English约旦哈希姆王国国语为阿拉伯语约旦TheHashemiteKing-安曼(Arabic),通用英语JordandomofJordanAmman(English)越南社会主义共和国越南TheSocialistRepublic河内通用越南语VietnamofVietnamHanoi(Vietnamese)中华人民共和国中国ThePeople’sRepublic北京通用汉语ChinaofChinaBeijing(Chinese)1025世界主要国家和地区概况欧洲(Europe)国家/地区(Country/Region)首都/首府官方语言简称(ShortForm)全称(FullName)(Capital)(OfficialLanguage)阿尔巴尼亚共和国阿尔巴尼亚TheRepublicof地拉那阿尔巴尼亚语AlbaniaAlbaniaTiranaAlbanian爱尔兰爱尔兰都柏林爱尔兰语IrishIrelandIrelandDublin英语English爱沙尼亚共和国爱沙尼亚TheRepublicof塔林爱沙尼亚语EstoniaEstoniaTallinnEstonian安道尔公园安道尔ThePrincipalityof安道尔加泰罗尼亚语AndorraAndorraAndorraCatalan奥地利共和国奥地利TheRepublicof维也纳德语AustriaAustriaViennaGerman白俄罗斯共和国白俄罗斯语白俄罗斯TheRepublicof明斯克BelorussianBelarusBelarusMinsk俄语Russian保加利亚共和国保加利亚TheRepublicof索菲亚保加利亚语BulgariaBulgariaSofiaBulgarian冰岛共和国冰岛TheRepublicof雷克雅未克冰岛语IcelandIcelandReykjavikIcelandic比利时王国比利时TheKingdomof布鲁塞尔荷兰语DutchBelgiumBelgiumBrussel法语Frenchzymotic附录1026(续表)波兰共和国波兰TheRepublicof华沙波兰语PolandPolandWarsawPolish波斯尼亚和黑塞哥波斯尼亚和黑波斯尼亚语Bosnian维那Bosniaand塞哥维那萨拉热窝塞尔维亚语ServianHerzegovinaBosniaandHerzegovinaSarajevo克罗地亚语Croatian丹麦王国丹麦TheKingdomof哥本哈根丹麦语DenmarkDenmarkCopenhagenDanish德意志联邦共和国德国TheFederalRepublic柏林通用德语GermanyofGermanyBerlinGerman俄罗斯俄罗斯联邦莫斯科俄语RussiaTheRussianFederationMoscowRussian法兰西共和国法国TheRepublicof巴黎通用法语FranceFranceParisFrench法罗群岛(丹)法罗群岛(丹)官方语言为法罗语,TheFaeroeIslandsTheFaeroeIslands托尔斯港通用丹麦语(Denmark)(Denmark)Torshavn(Danish)梵蒂冈城国梵蒂冈TheStateof梵蒂冈城意大利语ItalianVaticanVatianCityVaticanCity拉丁语Latin芬兰芬兰共和国赫尔辛基芬兰语FinnishFinlandTheRepublicofFinlandHelsinki瑞典语Swedish荷兰王国荷兰TheKingdomofthe阿姆斯特丹荷兰语TheNetherlandsNetherlandsAmsterdamDutch捷克捷克共和国布拉格捷克语CzechRepublicTheCzechRepublicPragueCzech1027世界主要国家和地区概况(续表)克罗地亚克罗地亚共和国萨格勒布克罗地亚语CroatiaTheRepublicofCroatiaZagrebCroatian拉脱维亚拉脱维亚共和国里加拉脱维亚语LatviaTheRepublicofLatviaRigaLatvian立陶宛共和国立陶宛TheRepublicof维尔纽斯立陶宛语LithuaniaLithuaniaVilniusLithuanian列支敦士登公国列支敦士登ThePrincipalityof瓦杜兹德语LiechtensteinLiechtensteinVaduzGerman法语French卢森堡卢森堡大公国卢森堡德语GermanLuxembourgTheGrandDuchyofLuxembourg卢森堡语LuxembourgLuxemburgian罗马尼亚罗马尼亚布加勒斯特罗马尼亚语RomaniaRomaniaBucharestRomanian马耳他共和国马耳他TheRepublicof瓦莱塔马耳他语MalteseMaltaMaltaValetta英语English马其顿共和国马其顿TheRepublicof斯科普里马其顿语MacedoniaMacedoniaSkopjeMacedonian摩尔多瓦共和国摩尔多瓦TheRepublicof基希讷乌摩尔多瓦语MoldovaMoldovaKishinevMoldovan摩纳哥公国摩纳哥ThePrincipalityof摩纳哥Monaco法语MonacoMonacoFrench塞尔维亚共和国贝尔格莱德塞尔维亚语塞尔维亚SerbiaTheRepublicofserbiaBelgradeSerbo-Croatian黑山共和国黑山TheRepublicof波德戈里察黑山语MontenegroMontenegroPodgoricaMontenegrozymotic附录1028(续表)挪威王国挪威TheKingdomof奥斯陆挪威语NorwayNorwayOsloNorwegian葡萄牙共和国葡萄牙ThePortuguese里斯本葡萄牙语PortugalRepublicLisbonPortuguese瑞典王国瑞典TheKingdomof斯德哥尔摩瑞典语SwedenSwedenStockolmSwedish德语German瑞士瑞士联邦法语FrenchSwitzerlandTheSwiss伯尔尼Bern意大利语ItalianConfederation拉丁罗曼语圣马力诺共和国圣马力诺TheRepublicofSan圣马力诺意大利语SanMarinoMarinoSanMarinoItalian斯洛伐克斯洛伐克共和国布拉迪斯拉发斯洛伐克语SlovakiaTheSlovakRepublicBradySraflaSlovak斯洛文尼亚共和国斯洛文尼亚TheRepublicof卢布尔雅那斯洛文尼亚语SloveniaSloveniaLjubljanaSlovenian乌克兰乌克兰基辅乌克兰语UkraineUkraineKievUkrainian西班牙西班牙王国马德里西班牙语SpainTheKingdomofSpainMadridSpanish希腊希腊共和国雅典希腊语GreeceTheHellenicRepublicAthensGreek匈牙利共和国匈牙利TheRepublicof布达佩斯匈牙利语HungaryHungaryBudapestHungarian1029世界主要国家和地区概况(续表)意大利意大利共和国罗马意大利语ItalyTheRepublicofItalyRomeItalian大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国TheUnited英国KingdomofGreat伦敦英语UnitedKingdomBritainandNorthernLondonEnglishIreland非洲(Africa)国家/地区(Country/Region)首都/首府官方语言简称(ShortForm)全称(FullName)(Capital)(OfficialLanguage)阿尔及利亚民主人民阿尔及利亚共和国TheDemocratic阿尔及尔阿拉伯语ArabicAlgeriaPeople’sRepublicAlger柏柏尔语BerberofAlgeria阿拉伯埃及共和国埃及TheArabRepublic开罗阿拉伯语EgyptofEgyptCairoArabic埃塞俄比亚联邦民主通用英语埃塞俄比亚共和国TheFederal亚的斯亚贝巴(English),工作语言EthiopiaDemocraticRepublicAddisAbeba为阿姆哈拉语ofEthiopia(Amhanc)安哥拉共和国安哥拉TheRepublicof罗安达葡萄牙语AngolaAngolaLuandaPortuguese贝宁共和国贝宁TheRepublicof波多诺伏法语BeninBeninPorto-NovoFrenchzymotic附录1030(续表)博茨瓦纳共和国博茨瓦纳TheRepublicof哈博罗内英语BotswanaBotswanaGaboroneEnglish津巴布韦共和国英语English津巴布韦TheRepublicof哈拉雷绍纳语shonaZimbabweZimbabweHarare恩德贝莱语喀麦隆共和国喀麦隆TheRepublicof雅温得英语EnglishCameroonCameroonYaounde法语French科摩罗语科摩罗科摩罗联盟莫罗尼法语FrenchTheComorosUnionofComorosMoroni阿拉伯语Arabic科特迪瓦共和国科特迪瓦TheRepublicof亚穆苏克罗法语Coted’IvoireCoted’IvoireYamoussoukroFrench肯尼亚共和国斯瓦希里语肯尼亚TheRepublicof内罗毕SwahiliKenyaKenyaNairobi英语English莱索托王国莱索托TheKingdomof马塞卢通用英语(English)LesothoLesothoMaseru和塞苏陀语科比里亚共和国利比里亚TheRepublicof蒙罗维亚英语LiberiaLiberiaMonroviaEnglish大阿拉伯利比亚人民社会主义民众国The利比亚GreatSocialist的黎波里国语为阿拉伯语LibyaPeople’sLibyanTripolis(Arabic)ArabJamahiriya1031世界主要国家和地区概况(续表)留尼汪(法)留尼汪(法)圣旦尼法语Reunion(France)Reunion(France)Saint-DenisFranch卢旺达共和国卢旺达语Rwanda卢旺达TheRepublicof基加利法语FrenchRwandaRwandaKigali英语English马达加斯加共和国马达加斯加TheRepublicof塔那那利佛法语FrenchMadagascarMadagascarAntananarivo(官方通用)马拉维共和国马拉维TheRepublicof利隆圭英语EnglishMalawiMalawiLilongwe奇契瓦语马里共和国马里TheRepublicof巴马科法语MaliMaliBamakoFrench毛里求斯共和国毛里求斯TheRepublicof路易港英语MauritiusMauritiusPortLouisEnglish布基纳法索布基纳法索瓦加杜古法语BurkinaFasoBurkinaFasoOuagadougouFrench布隆迪共和国布隆迪TheRepublicof布琼布拉基隆迪语KirundiBurundiBurundiBujumbura法语French赤道几内亚共和国赤道几内亚TheRepublicof马拉博西班牙语SpanishEquatorialGuineaEquatorialGuineaMalabo法语French多哥共和国多哥TheRepublic洛美法语TogoofTogoLomeFrench通用阿拉伯语厄立特里亚厄立特里亚国阿斯马拉(Arabic),EritreaTheStateofEritreaAsmara英语(English)zymotic附录1032(续表)佛得角共和国佛得角TheRepublicofCape普拉亚葡萄牙语CapeVerdeVerdePraiaPortuguese冈比亚共和国冈比亚TheRepublicofthe班珠尔英语TheGambiaGambiaBanjuloEnglish刚果共和国刚果TheRepublicof布拉柴维尔法语CongoCongoBrazzvilleFrench刚果民主共和国刚果民主共和国TheDemocraticRe-TheDemocraticRe-金沙萨法语publicoftheCongopublicofCongoKinshasaFrench吉布提共和国吉布提TheRepublicof吉布提法语FrenchDjiboutiDjiboutiDjibouti阿拉伯语Arabic几内亚共和国几内亚TheRepublicof科纳克里法语GuineaGuineaConakryFrench几内亚比绍共和国几内亚比绍TheRepublicof比绍葡萄牙语Guinea-BissauGuinea-BissauBissauPortuguese加纳共和国加纳TheRepublicof阿克拉英语EnglishGhanaGhanaAccra加蓬共和国加蓬TheGabonese利伯维尔法语GahonRepublicLibrevilleFrench毛里塔尼亚伊斯兰共毛里塔尼亚和国TheIslamicRep-努瓦克肖特阿拉伯语MauritaniaublicofauritaniaNouakchottArabic1033世界主要国家和地区概况(续表)摩洛哥王国国语为阿拉伯语摩洛哥TheKingdomof拉巴特(Arabic),通用法MoroccoMoroccoRabat语(French)莫桑比克共和国莫桑比克TheRepublicof马普托葡萄牙语MozambiqueNamibiaMaputoPortuguese纳米比亚共和国纳米比亚TheRepublicof温得和克英语NamibiaNamibiaWindhoekEnglish南非共和国11种官方语言,通南非TheRepublicof比勒陀利亚用英语(English)和SouthAfricaSouthAfricaPretoria阿非利卡语尼日尔共和国尼日尔TheRepublicof尼亚美法语NigerNigerNiameyFrench尼日利亚联邦共和国尼日利亚TheFederalRepublic阿布贾英语NigeriaofNigeriaAbujaEnglish塞拉利昂共和国塞拉利昂TheRepublicof弗里敦英语SierraLeoneSierraLeoneFreetownEnglish塞内加尔共和国塞内加尔TheRepublicof达喀尔法语SenegalSenegalDakarFrench塞舌尔共和国国语为克里奥尔语,塞舌尔TheRepublicof维多利亚通用英语(English)SeychellesSeychellesVictoria和法语(French)圣多美和普林西比圣多美和普林西比民主共和国TheSaoTomeandDemocraticRepublic圣多美葡萄牙语PrincipeofSaoTomeandSaoTomePortuguesePrincipe圣赫勒拿(英)圣赫勒拿(英)詹姆斯敦英语SaintHelena(UK)SaintHelena(UK)JamestownEnglishzymotic附录1034(续表)斯威士兰王国斯威士兰TheKingdomof姆巴巴内英语(English)SwazilandSwazilandMbabane斯瓦蒂语苏丹共和国苏丹TheRepublic喀土穆阿拉伯语SudanofSudanKhartoumArabic索马里联邦共和国索马里TheFederalRepublic摩加迪沙索马里语SomaliSomaliaofSomaliaMogadischu阿拉伯语Arabic坦桑尼亚联合共和国坦桑尼亚TheUnitedRepublic达累斯萨拉姆斯瓦希里语SwahiliTanzaniaofTanzaniaDarasSalam英语English突尼斯共和国国语为阿拉伯语突尼斯TheRepublicof突尼斯(Arabic),通用TunisiaTunisiaTunis法语(French)乌干达共和国乌干达TheRepublicof坎帕拉英语UgandaUgandaKampalaEnglish通用阿拉伯语西撒哈拉西撒哈拉(Arabic),西班WesternSaharaWesternSahra牙语(Spanish)赞比亚共和国赞比亚TheRepublic卢萨卡英语ZambiaofZambiaLusakaEnglish乍得共和国乍得TheRepublicof恩贾梅纳阿拉伯语ArabicChadChadN’Djamena法语French中非共和国中非TheCentralAfrican班吉法语FrenchCentralAfricaRepublicBanggui桑戈语南苏丹共和国南苏丹TheRepublicofsouth朱丹SouthSudanSudan1035世界主要国家和地区概况大洋洲(Oceania)国家/地区(Country/Region)首都/首府官方语言简称(ShortForm)全称(FullName)(Capital)(OfficialLanguage)澳大利亚联邦澳大利亚TheCommonwealth堪培拉通用英语AustraliaofAustraliaCanberraEnglish巴布亚新几内亚独立巴布亚新几内亚国TheIndependent莫尔兹比港英语PapuaNewGuineaStateofPapuaNewPortMoresbyEnglishGuinea北马里亚纳群岛(美)北马里亚纳群岛(美)英语EnglishNorthernMarianaNorthernMariana塞班查莫罗语Islands(US)Islands(US)Saipan加罗林语法属波利尼西亚法属波利尼西亚帕皮提法语FrenchFrenchPolynesiaFrenchPolynesiaPapeete塔西提语斐济群岛共和国斐济语Fijian斐济群岛TheRepublicofthe苏瓦印地语HindiFijiIslandsFijiIslandsSuva英语English关岛(美)关岛(美)阿加尼亚英语Guam(US)Guam(US)AganaEnglish基里巴斯共和国基里巴斯TheRepublicof塔拉瓦英语KiribatiKiribatiTarawaEnglish库克群岛(新)库克群岛(新)CookIslands(NewTheCookIslands阿瓦鲁阿通用英语Zealand)(NewZealand)Avarua(English),毛利语马绍尔群岛共和国马绍尔群岛TheRepublicofthe马朱罗马绍尔语MarshallIslandsMarshallIslandsMajurozymotic附录1036(续表)密克罗尼西亚联邦密克罗尼西亚联邦TheFederatedStatesTheFederatedStates帕利基尔英语ofMicronesiaofMicronesiaPalikirEnglish瑙鲁共和国行政管理中心瑙鲁TheRepublicof在亚伦瑙鲁语NauruNauru(Yaren)Nauruan纽埃(新)纽埃(新)阿洛菲通用英语(English),Niue(NewZealand)Niue(NewZealand)Alofi纽埃语帕劳共和国帕劳TheRepublicof梅莱凯奥克帕劳语PalauPalauMelekeokPalauan皮特凯恩群岛(英)皮特凯恩群岛(英)亚当斯敦PitcairnIslands(UK)PitcairnIslands(UK)Adamstown讲英语(English)萨摩亚独立国萨摩亚TheIndependent阿皮亚萨摩亚语SamoaStateofSamoaApiaSamoan所罗门群岛所罗门群岛霍尼亚拉英语SolomonIslandsSolomonIslandsHoniaraEnglish汤加王国通用汤加语汤加TheKingdom努库阿洛法(Tongan),TongaofTongaNukualofa英语(English)图瓦卢图瓦卢富纳富提TuvaluTuvaluFunafuti英语English(行政中心)托克劳(新)托克劳群岛(新)随首席部长办通用英语(English),Tokelau(NewTokelauIslands公室轮流设于托克蒂语Zealand)(NewZealand)3个环礁岛瓦利斯和富图纳瓦利斯和富图纳(法)(法)Wallisand马塔乌图法语WallisandFutunaFutunaIslandsMatautuFrench(France)(France)1037世界主要国家和地区概况(续表)英语English瓦努阿图瓦努阿图共和国维拉港法语FrenchVanuatuTheRepublicofPortVila比斯拉马语VanuatuBislama新喀里多尼亚(法)新喀里多尼亚(法)NewCaledoniaNewCaledonia努美阿法语(France)(France)NoumeaFrench新西兰新西兰惠灵顿英语EnglishNewZealandNewZealandWellington毛利语东萨摩亚东萨摩亚帕果帕果讲萨摩亚语,通用EasternSamoaEasternSamoaPagoPago英语北美洲(NorthAmerica)国家/地区(Country/Region)首都/首府官方语言简称(ShortForm)全称(FullName)(Capital)(OfficialLanguage)阿鲁巴(荷)阿鲁巴(荷)奥拉涅斯塔德荷兰语Aruba(Netherlands)Aruba(Netherlands)OranjestadDutch安圭拉(英)安圭拉(英)瓦利英语Anguilla(UK)Anguilla(UK)ValleyEnglish安提瓜和巴布达安提瓜和巴布达AntiguaandAntiguaand圣约翰英语BarbudaBarbudaSt.JohnEnglish巴巴多斯巴巴多斯布里奇数通用英语BarbadosBarbadosBridgetownEnglish巴哈马国巴哈马TheCommonwealth拿骚英语TheBahamasoftheBahamasNassauEnglishzymotic附录1038(续表)巴拿马共和国巴拿马TheRepublicof巴拿马城西班牙语PanamaPanamaPanamaCitySpanish百慕大群岛(英)百慕大(英)TheBermuda哈密尔顿英语Bermuda(UK)Islands(UK)HamiltonEnglish波多黎各自由邦(美)波多黎各(美)TheCommonwealth圣胡安西班牙语SpanishPuertoRico(US)ofPuertoRico(US)SanJuan英语English伯利兹伯利兹贝尔莫潘英语BelizeBelizeBelmopanEnglish多米尼加共和国多米尼加TheDominican圣多明各西班牙语DominicanRepublicRepublicSantoDomingopSpanish多米尼克国多米尼克TheCommonwealth罗索英语DominicaofDominicaRoseauEnglish哥斯达黎加共和国哥斯达黎加TheRepublicof圣何塞西班牙语CostaRicaCostaRicaSanJoseSpanish格陵兰(丹)格陵兰(丹)格陵兰语GreenlandGreenland努克Greenlandic(Denmark)(Denmark)Nuuk丹麦语Danmank格林纳达格林纳达圣乔治英语GrenadaGrenadaSt.GeorgeEnglish古巴古巴共和国哈瓦那西班牙语CubaTheRepublicofCubaLaHavanaSpanish瓜德罗普(法)瓜德罗普(法)巴斯特尔法语Guadeloupe(France)Guadeloupe(France)Basse-TerreFrench海地海地共和国太子港法语FrenchHaitiTheRepublicofHaitiPort-au-Prince克用奥尔语1039世界主要国家和地区概况(续表)洪都拉斯共和国洪都拉斯TheRepublicof特古西加尔巴西班牙语HondurasHondurasTegucigalpaSpanish加拿大加拿大渥太华英语EnglishCanadaCanadaOttawa法语French开曼群岛(英)开曼群岛(英)TheCaymanTheCayman乔治敦英语Islands(UK)Islands(UK)GeorgeTownEnglish马提尼克(法)马提尼克(法)法兰西堡法语Martinique(France)Martinique(France)Fort-de-FranceFrench美利坚合众国美国TheUnitedStates华盛顿通用英语UnitedStatesofAmericaWashington(English)美属维尔京群岛美属维尔京群岛TheVirginIslandsTheVirginIslandsof夏洛特阿马利亚英语oftheUnitedStatestheUnitedStatesCharlotteAmalieEnglish蒙特塞拉特(英)蒙特塞拉特(英)普利茅斯通用英语Montserrat(UK)Montserrat(UK)PlymouthEnglish墨西哥合众国墨西哥TheUnitedStates墨西哥城西班牙语MexicoofMexicoMexicoCitySpanish尼加拉瓜共和国尼加拉瓜TheRepublicof马那瓜西班牙语NicaraguaNicaraguaManaguaSpanish萨尔瓦多共和国萨尔瓦多TheRepublicofEI圣萨尔瓦多西班牙语EISalvadorSavladorElSalvadorSpanish圣基茨和尼维斯联邦圣基茨和尼维斯TheFederationof巴斯特尔英语SaintKittsandSaintKittsandBasseterreEnglishNevisNeviszymotic附录1040(续表)圣卢西亚圣卢西亚卡斯特里英语SaintLuciaSaintLuciaCastriesEnglish圣皮埃尔和密克隆(法)圣皮埃尔和密克隆群圣皮埃尔法语SaintPierreand岛(法)TheIslandsofSt.PierreFrenchMiquelon(France)StPierreandMiquelon圣文森特和格林纳圣文森特和格林纳丁斯SaintVincent丁斯SaintVincent金斯敦通用英语andtheGrenadinesandtheGrenadinesKingstownEnglish特克斯和凯科斯群特克斯和凯科斯群岛岛(英)Turksand(英)TheTurksand科伯恩城英语CaicosIslands(UK)CaicosIslands(UK)CockburnTownEnglsih特立尼达和多巴哥共特立尼达和多巴哥和国TheRepublicof西班牙港英语TrinidadandTobagoTrinidadandTobagoPortofSpainEnglish危地马拉共和国危地马拉TheRepublicof危地马拉西班牙语GuatemalaGuatemalaGuatemalaSpanish牙买加牙买加金斯敦英语JamaicaJamaicaKingstownEnglish英属维尔京群岛英属维尔京群岛BritishVirgintheBritishVirgin罗德城通用英语IslandsIslandsRoadTownEnglish圣马丁(荷)圣马丁(荷)SaintMartinSaintMartin菲利普斯堡荷兰语Dutch(Netherlands)(Netherlands)Philipsburg英语English库拉索(荷)库拉索(荷)威廉斯塔德荷兰语DutchCuraco(Netherlands)Curaco(Netherlands)Willemstad帕彼曼都语1041世界主要国家和地区概况南美洲(SouthAmerica)阿根廷共和国阿根廷TheRepublicof布宜诺斯艾利斯西班牙语ArgentinaArgentinaBuenosAiresSpanish巴拉圭共和国西班牙语巴拉圭TheRepublicof亚松森SpanishParaguayParaguayAsuncion瓜拉尼语巴西联邦共和国巴西TheFederative巴西利亚葡萄牙语BrazilRepublicofBrazilBrasiliaPortuguese秘鲁共和国秘鲁TheRepublicof利马西班牙语PeruPeruLimaSpanish多民族玻利维亚国玻利维亚Multienthniccountry苏克雷西班牙语BoliviaofBoliviaSukleSpanish厄瓜多尔共和国厄瓜多尔TheRepublicof基多西班牙语EcuadorEcuadorQuitoSpanish法属圭亚那法属圭亚那卡宴法语FrenchGuianaFrenchGuianaCayenneFrench哥伦比亚共和国哥伦比亚TheRepublicof圣菲波哥大西班牙语colombiaColombiaBogotaSpanish圭亚那合作共和国圭亚那TheCooperative乔治敦英语GuyanaRepublicofGuyanaGeorgetownEnglih委内瑞拉玻委内瑞拉利瓦尔共和国加拉加斯西班牙语TheBolivarianRepublicVenezuelaofVenezuelaCaracasSpanishzymotic附录1042(续表)乌拉圭东岸共和国乌拉圭TheOrientalRep-蒙得维的亚西班牙语UruguayoublicofUruguayMontevideoSpanish智利共和国智利TheRepublicof圣地亚哥西班牙语ChileChileSantiagoSpanish苏里南苏里南共和国帕拉马里博SurinameTheRepublicofSurinameParamaribo荷兰语1043计量单位简表AppendixⅥBriefTablesofUnitsofWeightsandMeasures附录Ⅵ计量单位简表法定计量单位表TablesofUnitsofWeightsandMeasures长度Length名称微料毫米厘米分米Namemicronmillimetrecentimetredecimetre100010001010等级纳米微米毫米厘米Equivalents103nanometer103microns10millimetres10centimetres名称米十米百米千米(公里)Namemetredecametrehectometrekilometre10101001000等级分米米米米Equivalents10decimetres10metres102metres103metre面积Area平方毫米平方厘米平方米平方千米名称squaresquaresquare(平方公里)Namecentimetrecentimetremetresquarekilometre等数106平方微米102平方毫米104平方厘米106平方米106quare102square104square106squareEquivalentsmicrometermillimetrescentimetresmetres体积Volume立方毫米立方厘米立方分米立方米名称cubiccubiccubiccubicNamemillimetrecentimetredecimetremetre等数109立方微米103立方毫米103立方厘米103立方分米109cubic103cubic103cubic103cubicEquivalentsmicrometermilimetrescentimetresdecimetreszymotic附录1044容积(容量)Capacity名称毫升厘升分升升十升百升千升Namemillilitrecentilitredecilitrelitredecalitrehectolitrekilolitre等数微升10毫升10厘升10分升10升100升1000升Equivalentsmicrolitremillilitrecentilitredecilitrelitreslitreslitres质量(重量)Mass(Weight)名称毫克厘克分克克Namemilligramcentigramdecigramgram等数10微克10毫克10厘克10分克Equivalents10micrograms10milligrams10centigrams10decigram名称十克百克千克(公斤)吨Namedecagramhectogramkilogramton101010001000等数克克克千克(公斤)Equivalents10grams102grams103gramskilograms市制计量单位表TheShiSystemofUnitsofWeightsandMeasures长度Length名称毫厘分寸尺chi丈里liNamehaolifencun(市尺chi)zhang(市里li)等数10毫10厘10分10寸10尺150丈Equivalentshaolifencunchizhang面积Area平方毫平方厘平方分平方寸平方尺平方丈平方里名称squaresquaresquaresquaresquaresquaresquareNamehaolirencunchizhangli10010010010010022500等数平方毫平方厘平方分平方寸平方尺平方丈Equivalentssquaresquaresquaresquaresquaresquarehaolirencunchizhang1045计量单位简表地积Area名称毫厘分亩顷Namehaolifenmuqing等数10毫10厘10分10亩Equivalentshaolifenmu质量(重量)Mass(Weight)名称丝毫厘分钱两斤担Namesihaolifenqianliangjindan等数10丝10毫10厘10分10钱10两100斤Equivalentssihaolifenqianliangjin容积(容量)Capacity名称撮勺合升斗石Namecuoshaoheshengdoudan等数10撮勺10合10升10斗Equivalentscuo10shaoheshengdou计量单位比较表ConversionTablesofUnitsofWeightsandMeasures长度比较表ConversionTablesofUnitsofLength1千米(kilometre)=2公里(li)=0.621英里(mile)=0.540海里(nauticalmile)1米(metre)=3市尺(chi)=3.281英尺(feet)1海里(nauticalmile)=1.852千米(kilometres)=3.704市里(li)=1.150英里(miles)1市里(li)=0.5千米(kilometre)=0.311英里(mile)=0.270海里(nauticalmile)1市尺(chi)=0.333米(metre)=1.094英尺(feet)1英里(mile)=1.609千米(kilometres)=3.219市里(li)=0.869海里(nauticalmile)1英尺(foot)=12英寸(inches)=0.305米(metre)=0.914市尺(chi)zymotic附录1046面积比较表ConversionTablesofUnitsofArea1平方千米(squarekilometre)=100公顷(hectares)=4平方市里(squareli)=0.386平方英里(squaremile)1平方米(squaremetre)=1平方(squaremetre)=9平方市尺(squarechi)=10.764平方英尺(squarefeet)1市顷(qing)=100市亩(mu)=6.6667公顷(hectares)1市亩(mu)=60平方丈(squarezhang)=6.6667公亩(ares)1公顷(hectares)=10000平方米(squaremetres)=100公亩(ares)=15市亩(mu)1公亩(are)=100平方米(squaremetres)=0.15市亩(mu)质量(重量)比较表ConversionTablesofUnitsofWeights1千克(kilogram)=2市斤(jin)=2.205英磅(pounds)1市斤(jin)=0.5千克(kilogram)=1.102英磅(pounds)1英磅(pounds)=16盎司(ounces)=0.454千克(kilogram)=0.907市斤(jin)容积(容量)比较表ConversionTablesofUnitsofCapacity1升(公制,litre)=1立升(litre)=1市升(sheng)=0.220加仑(英制,gallon)1毫升(millilitre)=1西西(c.c.)=0.001升(公制,litre)1加仑(英制,gallon)=4.546升(litres)=4.546市升(sheng)1047希腊字母和罗马数字AppendixⅦListofGreekAlphabetandRo-manNumeral附录Ⅶ希腊字母和罗马数字希腊语字母表ListofGreekAlphabet大写小写英文中文发音相当于英语字母Aαalpha阿尔法aBβbeta贝塔bΓγgamma伽马gΔδdilta德尔塔dΕεepsilon艾普西隆eΖζzeta截塔zΗηeta艾塔ēΘθtheta西塔thΙιiota约塔iΚκkappa卡帕kΛλlambda兰姆达lΜμmu缪mΝνnu纽nΞξxi克塞x(ks)Οοomicron奥米克戎oΠπpi派pΡρrho柔rΣσsigma西格马sΤτtau陶tΥυupsilon衣普西隆uΦφphi斐phΧχchi喜khΨψpsi普西psΩωomega欧米伽ōzymotic附录1048罗马数字RomanNumeral1Ⅰ31ⅩⅩⅩⅠ2Ⅱ32ⅩⅩⅩⅡ3Ⅲ40ⅩL4Ⅳ41ⅩLⅠ5Ⅴ42ⅩLⅡ6Ⅵ50L7Ⅶ51LⅠ8Ⅷ52LⅡ9Ⅸ60LⅩ10Ⅹ61LⅩⅠ11ⅩⅠ62LⅩⅡ12ⅩⅡ70LⅩⅩ13ⅩⅢ80LⅩⅩⅩ14ⅩⅣ90ⅩC15ⅩⅤ100C16ⅩⅥ200CC17ⅩⅦ300CCC18ⅩⅧ400CCC;CD19ⅩⅨ500D20ⅩⅩ600DC21ⅩⅩⅠ700DCC22ⅩⅩⅩⅡ800DCCC23ⅩⅩⅢ900CM24ⅩⅩⅣ1000M30ⅩⅩⅩ2000MM2500MMD1049数字的用法AppendixⅧTheUseofNumbers附录Ⅷ数字的用法(一)基数词(cardinalnumbers)50fifty1one60sixty2two70seventy3three80eighty4four90ninety5five100onehundred6six101onehundredandone7seven200twohundred8eight300threehundred9nine400fourhundred10ten500fivehundred11eleven600sixhundred12twelve700sevenhundred13thirteen800eighthundred14fourteen900ninehundred15fifteen1000onethousand16sixteen100000onehundredthousand17seventeen1000000onemillion18eighteen(二)序数词(Ordinalnumbers)19nineteen第一first20twenty第二second21twenty-one第三third22twenty-two第四fourth23twenty-three第五fifth30thirty第六sixth31thirty-one第七seventh40fortyzymotic附录1050第八eighth第八百eight-hundredth第九ninth第九百nine-hundredth第十tenth第一千(one)thousandth第十一eleventh第一万tenthousandth第十二twelfth第一百万(one)millionth第十三thirteenth一百二十三(123)万onemillion,第十四fourteenthtwentyhundredandthirtythou-第十五fifteenthsand第十六sixteenth一千三百(1300)thirteenhundred;第十七seventeenthonethousandthreehundred第十八eighteenth二千(2000)twothousand第十九nineteenth四千五百零二(4502)fourthou-第二十twentiethsandfivehundredandtwo第二十一twenty-first五百八十九(589)fivehundered第二十二twenty-secondandeighty-nine第二十三twenty-third五十万(500000)fivehundred第三十thirtieth三百一十二万四千五百(3124500)第三十一thirty-firstthreemillion,onehundredand第四十fortiethtwenty-fourthousandfivehun-第五十fiftiethdred第六十sixtieth八百万(8000000)eightmillion第七十seventieth四千三百万(43000000)forty-第八十eightieththreemillion第九十ninetieth九亿(900000000)nine第一百hundredmillion第一百零一[one]hundred十亿八千万(108000000)onebil-andfirstlionandeightymillion第二百two-hundredth一百亿(10000000000)tenbillion第三百three-hundredth三千亿(300000000000)threehun-第四百four-hundredthdredbillion第五百five-hundredth五万亿(5000000000000)fivemil-第六百six-hundredthlionmillion第七百seven-hundredth1051数字的用法(三)分数(fractions)(六)增加[goupby;shoot二分之一(1/2)one-half;ahalfupby;riseby(to);beraised三分之一(1/3)one-thirdby;increaseby]四分之三(3/4)three-fourths双倍;加倍(to)double五分之一(1/5)one-fifth像…一样多asmanyas;asmuchas八分之七(7/8)seven-eighths增加百分之一toincreaseby十分之一(1/10)one-tenth;atenthone-hundredth百分之一(1/100)one-hundredth;增加百分之十toincreasebyonepercentone-tenth千分之一(1/1000)one-thousandth增加百分之五十toincreasebyone-万分之一(1/10000)oneten-thou-halfsandth增加百分之七十anincreaseofsev-二又二分之一twoandonehalf;entyper-cent;anseventy-twoandahalfpercentincrease四又三分之二fourandtwo-thirds是去年的二倍(即增加一倍)tobe(四)百分比(percentages)doublethatoflastyear百分之百(100%)onehundredper-增加百分之百(即增加一倍或增加cent到原数的二倍)toincreasebyone百分之零点五(0.5%)pointfivehundredpercent;todouble;toin-percentcreasetotwiceasmany百分之零点三七(0.37%)point(much)asthreesevenercent比1987年增加一倍以上tobemorepthandoublethe1987figure(五)小数(Decimals)是…的四倍fourtimesasmany4.03fourpointnoughtthree;four(much)aspointOthree是去年的五倍tobefivetimesthat7.005sevenpointnoughtnoughtoflastyear;toincreasefivefoldfive;sevenpointOOfivecomparedwithlastyear;toin-45.21forty-fivepointtwoonecreaseby400percentoverlastyear比1978年增加了十多倍tobeadozentimesthatof1978zymotic附录1052粮食产量从1978年的30万吨上(七)减少下降升到1983年的715000吨grain[godownby;fallbyoutputwentupto715000吨(to);reduceby]grainoutputwentupto715000下降(减少)百分之六十areductiontonsin1983from3000000tons(fall)ofsixtypercentin1978下降百分之一todecreasebyone-1983年粮食产量为38728万吨,hundredth;toreducebyone-hun-是1949年的3.42倍in1983dredththeoutputofgrainwas387.28下降百分之十(或十分之一)tode-milliontons,3.42timesthatcreasebytenpercent;toreduceof1949bytenpercent;toreducetonine-1983年工农业总产值为9209亿tenths;tobereducedto元,比1982年增加10.2%thenine-tenths1983totalcombinedoutputvalue下降百分之二十(或五分之一)toofindustryandagriculturewasdecreasebyone-fifth;torednce920.9billionyuan,10.2percentbyone-fifth;toreducetofour-higherthan1982fifths;tobereducedto1979至1983年间工农业总产值four-fifths平均每年增长率是8.2%the下降百分之二十五(或四分之一)averageannualrateofincreaseoftodecreasebyonequarter;tore-thetotaloutputvalueofindustryducebyonequarter;toreducetoandagriculturefrom1979three-fourths;tobereducedtothrough1983was8.2percent与three-fourths1949年相比,大学生人数增加下降百分之五十(或一半)tode-了63%,中学生增加了1.5倍,creasebyone-half;tobereduced小学生增加了1.1倍comparedtoone-halfwith1949,thenumberofuniver-(八)不确指的数字sitystudentsincreasedby63per(Indefinitenumbers)cent,thatofsecondaryschoolstudentsby1.5times,andthat几十some;afew;several;anum-ofprimaryschoolpupilsby1.berofmorethanten;overadoz-1timesen;nomorethantwenty十几个morethanten;overadoz-1053数字的用法en;nomorethantwenty(十)年月日(Dates)几十个dozensof1643年sixteenforty-three几十年decades1755年seventeenfifty-five四十好几welloverforty1898年eighteenninety-eight好几百个hundredsof1900年nineteenhundred成千上万thousandsof1989年nineteeneighty-nine几十万hundredsofthousandsof2000年twothousand数以百万计的millionsof三月八日theeighthofMarch亿万(人)hundredsofmillionsof五月一日thefirstofMay(九)时间(Time)七月二十三日thetwenty-third(上午)6:00sixo'clock;sixa.m.;ofJuly(下午)6:00sixp.m.一九四九年十月一日thefirstof7:10tenpastseven;seventenOctober,nineteenforty-nine8:15aquarterpasteight;eightfif-(十一)电话号码teen(Telephonenumbers)9:25twenty-fivepastnine;nine117oneoneseevntwenty-five120onetwooh10:30halfpastten;tenthirty699sixdouble-nine11:35eleventhirty-five;twenty-2442twodouble-fourtwofivetotwelve3271threetwosevenone12:45twelveforty-five893712eightninethreeseven14:57fourteenfifty-sevenonetwo15:00fifteen8123456eightonetwothreefourfivesixzymotic附录1054AppendixⅨHeavenlyStemsandEarthlyBran-ches附录Ⅸ天干地支表(Translator’sNote:The10HeavenlyStemsare:甲jia,乙yi,丙bing,丁ding,戊wu,己ji,庚geng,辛xin,壬ren,and癸gui.The12EarthlyBranchesare:子zi,丑chou,寅yin,卯mao,辰chen,巳si,午wu,未wei,申shen,酉you,戌xu,and亥hai.TraditionalChinesecalendarcalcu-latedthepassageofyears,months,daysandhoursbycombiningoneHeav-enlyStemandoneEarthlyBranchtoform60uniquepairsinacompletecy-cle.Inthischronology,theyindicateyears.)1.jia-zi甲子2.yi-chou乙丑3.bing-yin丙寅4.ding-mao丁卯5.wu-chen戊辰6.ji-si己巳7.geng-wu庚午8.xin-wei辛未9.ren-shen壬申10.gui-you癸酉11.jia-xu甲戌12.yi-hai乙亥13.bing-zi丙子14.ding-chou丁丑15.wu-yin戊寅16.ji-mao己卯17.geng-chen庚辰18.xin-si辛巳19.ren-wu壬午20.gui-wei癸未21.jia-shen甲申22.yi-you乙酉23.bing-xu丙戌24.ding-hai丁亥25.wu-zi戊子26.ji-chou己丑27.geng-yin庚寅28.xin-mao辛卯29.ren-chen壬辰30.gui-si癸巳31.jia-wu甲午32.yi-wei乙未33.bing-shen丙申34.ding-you丁酉35.wu-xu戊戌36.ji-hai己亥37.geng-zi庚子38.xin-chou辛丑39.ren-yin壬寅40.gui-mao癸卯41.jia-chen甲辰42.yi-si乙巳43.bing-wu丙午44.ding-wei丁未45.wu-shen戊申46.ji-you己酉47.geng-xu庚戌48.xin-hai辛亥49.ren-zi壬子50.gui-chou癸丑51.jia-yin甲寅52.yi-mao乙卯53.bing-chen丙辰54.ding-si丁巳55.wu-wu戊午56.ji-wei己未57.geng-shen庚申58.xin-you辛酉59.ren-xu壬戌60.gui-hai癸亥1055二十四节气表AppendixⅩTheTwenty-FourSolarTerms附录Ⅹ二十四节气表SolarTerms节气名称日期季节NameofSolarTermDateSeason1.BeginningofSpring立春Feb3,4,or52.RainWater雨水Feb18,19,or203.WakingofInsects惊蛰Mar5,6,or7春季4.SpringEquinox春分Mar20or21Spring5.PureBrightness清明Apr4,5,or66.GrainRain谷雨Apr19,20of217.BeginningofSummer立夏May5,6,or78.GrainFull小满May20,21,or229.GraininEar芒种Jun5,6or7夏季10.SummerSolstice夏至Jun5,6of7Summer11.SlightHeat小暑Jul6,7or812.GreatHeat大暑Jul22,23or2413.BeginningofAutumn立秋Aug7,8or914.LimitofHeat处暑Aug22,23or2415.WhiteDew白露Sept7,8or9秋季16.AutumnEquinox秋分Sept22,23or24Autumn17.ColdDew寒露Oct8or918.Frost’sDescent霜降Oct23or2419.BeginningofWinter立冬Nov7or820.SlightSnow小雪Nov22or2321.GreatSnow大雪Dec6,7or8冬季22.WinterSolstice冬至Dec21,22,or23Winter23.SlightCold小寒Jan5,6or724.GreatCold大寒Jan20or21zymotic附录1056ARhymeoftheTwenty-fourSolarTerms二十四节气歌TheBeginningofSpring,RainWater,andtheWakingofInsects,BytheSpringEquinox,PureBrightnessandGrainRainfollowed,TheBeginningofSummer,LesserFullnessofGrain,andGraininBeard,TheSummerSolstice,LesserHeatandGreaterHeat,TheBeginningofAutumn,theEndofHeat,andWhiteDew,TheAutumnEquinox,ColdDew,andFrost’sDescent,TheWinterSolstice,LesserSnow,andGreaterSnow,Twosolartermsamonthregularlycome,Withavariationofoneortwodaysatmost,The6thand21stdayinthefirsthalfoftheyear,Andthe8thand23r6ddayinthesecond.

春雨惊春清谷天,夏满芒夏暑相连,秋处露秋寒霜降,冬雪雪冬小大寒。

每月两节不变更,最多相差一两天,上半年来六、廿一,下半年是八、廿三。

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茶与健康

本书以中医的视角系统思考,从生化的层面深入剖析,层层抽丝剥茧,把茶与饮茶真实、本质的一面,通过证据链条,力求准确无误地表达出来。通过系统梳理历代中医文献,澄清历史迷雾,厘清茶亦食亦药的发展脉络,并从茶的起源、制作技术的发展、不同时代的品饮方式等诸多方面,对六大茶类进行了深入探讨,以便寻找出茶性的变化规律及对人体健康造成的种种影响。经过对古往今来煮茶、煎茶、点茶、泡茶等品饮方式的探究,从本质上理清了各种饮茶方式之间的发展脉络及相互影响,并对不同的饮茶方式,进行了具体地比较分析。同时,定性定量地提出了有据可查、审慎合理的健康品鉴方式与饮用标准。以翔实准确的数据,引导大家如何去选择适合自己的茶,怎样健康、理性地去喝茶?
已完结,累计10万字 | 最近更新:水要轻清甘活洌

书名:
茶与健康
作者:
静清和
本章字数:
1376

《茶与健康》是我多年来一直想写,却始终不敢轻易动笔的一本书。吾有志于茶与学,五十而知天命。近天命之年,在对茶的理解与认知稍觉通透之后,始敢将所历、所学、所思、所悟,条分缕析、付诸笔墨,可谓十年磨一剑。

世人只知喝茶健康,却很少思及健康喝茶。其实,喝茶健康与健康喝茶,是两个迥然相异的概念。很多人起初选择喝茶,是为了健康所需,最终却事与愿违。其根本原因,在于忽视了健康喝茶的基本常识。总览古今,我们遭遇的很多困惑和苦难,都源于对常识的缺乏。什么是常识呢?常识就是通过简单的知觉和事实,做出的正确而明智的判断。当今时代的信息碎片化,在给我们带来无数便捷的同时,泥沙俱下,也会带来诸多似是而非的迷惘与困扰,尤其是以过度商业化的茶界为甚。究竟应该怎样去健康喝茶?哪些是对?哪些是错?这就亟需从茶与饮茶的基本常识着手,搭建相对完整的知识体系,端正健康喝茶的基本理念,始能正本清源,明辨是非。这也是我坚持不懈撰写该书的动力与初心。

本书以中医的视角系统思考,从生化的层面深入剖析,层层抽丝剥茧,把茶与饮茶最真实、最本质的一面,通过证据链条,力求准确无误地表达出来。通过系统梳理历代中医文献,澄清历史迷雾,厘清茶亦食亦药的发展脉络,并从茶的起源、制作技术的发展、不同时代的品饮方式等诸多方面,对六大茶类进行了深入探讨,以便寻找出茶性的变化规律及对人体健康造成的种种影响。经过对古往今来煮茶、煎茶、点茶、泡茶等品饮方式的探究,从本质上理清了各种饮茶方式之间的发展脉络及相互影响,并对不同的饮茶方式,进行了具体的比较分析。同时,定性定量地提出了有据可查、审慎合理的健康品鉴方式与饮用标准。以翔实准确的数据,引导大家如何去选择适合自己的茶,怎样健康、理性地去喝茶?

纵观茶之本质,无论制茶技术怎样发展,茶的功效,都是以咖啡碱为主导的、其他成分共同参与的稳定组分在起作用。因此,对茶的研究和认知,一定要放到“以咖啡碱为统帅的稳定组分”这个视域下,得出的结论,才有可能是正确的,才最接近茶的实相。由此归纳出的诸多独立而崭新的观点,必将推动大家对茶与健康饮茶的重新判断与思考。

细茶宜人,粗茶损人。茶主于甘滑,这是宜人良茶的共性。饮茶少则醒神思,多则精血亏虚,暗中伤人。陆羽提出的“茶之为用,味至寒,为饮最宜精”,与我常叨念的“喝好茶,少喝茶,喝淡茶”,本质上是一脉相承的。世人只知饮茶好,而不知过饮之害。从唐代茶道大家常伯熊,到明代医学大家李时珍,曾为茶所伤的人不计其数,故李时珍特别强调:“民生日用,蹈其弊者,往往皆是,而妇妪受害更多,习俗移人,自不觉尔。”若是沉醉其中,而又执迷不悟,就容易为茶所损。物无美恶,过犹不及。因此,以古为鉴,悬崖勒马,犹未晚也。不惟是茶,万事万物,格物明理,心有敬畏,行有所止,方为智慧。见微知著,抛砖引玉,期冀该书能成为一剂诫饮戒贪的清凉剂。

本书与已出版过的《茶味初见》、《茶席窥美》、《茶路无尽》、《茶与茶器》,可以查缺补漏,相互印证,融会贯通,共同构成一个完整的知识体系,便于大家从多个层面、多个角度去认知茶,健康而优雅的瀹茶、品茶。

此书能早日付梓,有赖于编辑于善伟先生的策划、统筹。感谢华东师大高一琳百忙之中的辛苦校对。女儿漱玉对本书的写作亦有贡献。特此一并致谢。

才疏学浅,不尽之处,望诸君不吝赐教。

静清和

2018年10月10日于静清和茶斋